Experimental Determination and Thermodynamic Model of Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Ternary System (LiCl + SrCl2 + H2O) at 273.15 K and Its Application in Industry

Phase Equilibria in the Quaternary Systems (KCl + CaCl2 + SrCl2 + H2O) and (LiCl + NaCl + SrCl2 + H2O) at 288.15 K and 0.1 MPa

“…The quaternary system (LiCl + NaCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) includes three ternary subsystems corresponding to (LiCl + NaCl + H 2 O), (NaCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O), and (LiCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O). Table shows the comparisons of the liquid-phase composition and the corresponding solid phase on the invariant points of the three ternary subsystems in this work and in the literature. ,,,− It is found that the solubility on the invariant point of the ternary system (LiCl + NaCl + H 2 O) at 288.15 K in this work is consistent with the literature data. , Additionally, the equilibrated solid phases are both LiCl·2H 2 O + NaCl. It is observed that the experimental data at the invariant point of the ternary system (NaCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) at 288.15 K show good agreement with the literature, and the equilibrated solid phases are both SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O + NaCl.…”

“…The results of the study on the invariant point of the ternary system (NaCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) at 291.15 K 10 also provide evidence for the data reliability in this experiment. For the ternary system (LiCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) at 288.15 K, although the solubility of the invariant points has not been reported by other researchers, the solubility data of this ternary system at 273.15 and 298.15 K have been given by Wang and Kydynov. , The solubility determined in this work is in the range of the corresponding solubility data at two temperatures. What should be noted is that there are two invariant points in the ternary system (LiCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) at above three temperatures.…”

“…For the complex oilfield brine system, many subsystems have been studied in the literature. − It is worth noting that Sr and Ca can easily form the solid solution (Ca, Sr)­Cl 2 ·6H 2 O in the system. Therefore, separation of Sr from the brine needs to avoid generating the solid solution.…”

“…For the quaternary system (NaCl + CaCl 2 + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) at 288.15 K, the minerals correspond to the solid solution (Ca, Sr)­Cl 2 ·6H 2 O, minerals CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O, SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O, and NaCl. Meanwhile, the system containing Sr 2+ , K + , Na + , and Cl – between 291.15 and 387.15 K and the system (LiCl + KCl/CaCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) at 308 K were determined. , The solubility, water activity, and thermodynamic model of the system (LiCl + SrCl 2 + H 2 O) at 273.15 and 298.15 K were determined. − …”

Phase Equilibria in the Ternary System NaCl–SrCl2–H2O (273 and 308 K) and Quaternary System LiCl–NaCl–SrCl2–H2O (308 K)

“…There is only the crystallization field of strontium chloride hexahydrate in solid phases without that of strontium chloride dihydrate, and SrCl 2 has an obvious salting-out effect on NaCl and KCl. The quaternary system NaCl−KCl−SrCl 2 −H 2 O has been calculated from 273 to 373 K 12 with Pitzer model as well as the ternary system LiCl−SrCl 2 −H 2 O at 273, 13 298, 14,15 and 308 K 16 and the ternary system LiCl−NaCl−H 2 O from 273 to 348 K. 17−20 In addition, the solubilities of the quinary system LiCl−NaCl−KCl−SrCl 2 −H 2 O were predicted by using the Pitzer thermodynamic model at 298.15 K. 21,22 These data could provide a theoretical reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of brine resources containing strontium and lithium.…”