Experimental determination and modelling of fuel rate of injection: A review

Mata, Carmen; Rojas-Reinoso, Vicente; Soriano, José A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127895

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…This large variability of study parameters complicates experimentation. Most researchers use robust test benches and fuel injection rate indicator equipment [29] to reproduce the operating situations of injection systems in vehicles. However, these facilities are costly and complex to maintain, making it difficult for universities or companies with fewer resources to access this type of facility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulations of injection rates can be performed with zero-dimensional (0D) models [30,31], or multidimensional models in combination with other mathematical and software tools [32][33][34]. 0D models are simple to implement and require limited experimental trials [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 0D models, the injection time variation is the most commonly used parameter for studies focused on combustion behavior, emissions, and fuel consumption [29]. Although other injection parameters, such as injection pressure, injector energizing time [29,[35][36][37], or injector nozzle geometry [38,39] have also been varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zero-Dimensional Modeling of the Rate of Injection with a Diesel Common Rail System Using Single-Hole Nozzles with Neat Low-Carbon Fuels

Rojas-Reinoso,

Mata,

Soriano

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This paper presents a fuel injection rate predictive model based on zero-dimensional correlations from experimental results. This model estimates the fuel injection rate behavior with varying parameters such as fuel injection pressure-injector energizing, the injection nozzle geometrical characteristics, and fuel viscosity. The model approach was carried out with diesel fuel. Then, the model was applied to the use of two alternative low-carbon fuels without diesel. An experimental methodology was used under controlled conditions, employing an injection rate indicator to measure the injection parameters in real time. The setup was carried out on a pump test bench using a common rail injection system. The results show that the model can be adapted to different injection conditions and fuels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zero-Dimensional Modeling of the Rate of Injection with a Diesel Common Rail System Using Single-Hole Nozzles with Neat Low-Carbon Fuels

Rojas-Reinoso,

Mata,

Soriano

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…The RoI consists of measuring the pressure variation caused by the injection event by means of a piezoelectric transducer inside a pressurized tube filled with liquid fuel . With the combination of these two measurements, it is possible to determine the hydraulic coefficients of the orifices, discharge coefficient (C d ) and area coefficient (C a ), estimate the flow velocity at the outlet of the injector and evaluate the cavitation that occurs within the injector hole. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 31 With the combination of these two measurements, it is possible to determine the hydraulic coefficients of the orifices, discharge coefficient (C d ) and area coefficient (C a ), estimate the flow velocity at the outlet of the injector and evaluate the cavitation that occurs within the injector hole. 32 − 35 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray Momentum Flux Novel Estimation Procedure through the Fuel Rate of Injection Using Hydrogenated Fuels with Single Hole Nozzle Diesel Injector

Corral-Gómez,

Armas,

Soriano

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Sustainable means of transport require the innovation or development of propulsive systems more respectful of the environment. Despite current criticism, modern compression-ignition engines are efficient alternatives also in light aviation and surveillance drones (such as small helicopters), as means of air transport. Currently, the improvement of the injection, air-fuel mixture formation, and combustion processes using sustainable synthetic fuels, produced from renewable raw materials or by carbon dioxide capture, is a reality. For improving the air-fuel mixture formation inside the combustion chamber, one of the key parameters is knowledge of the spray momentum flux because of its effect on the air entrainement. To measure this parameter is complex. However, the experimental determination of the fuel mass flow rate is a common procedure. The objective of this work is the proposal of a novel but robust methodology for the momentum flux estimation of fuel sprays from measurement of the rate of injection. In this work, single-hole nozzles of 115, 130, and 150 μm in diameter are studied. The implemented methodology is applied to three fuels: a diesel fuel without biodiesel, used as reference, and two sustainable synthetic fuels: a gas to liquid fuel and a hydrotreated vegetable oil. With the fuel injection rates and the simple model proposed, the spray momentum flux is estimated under different operating conditions of a common-rail injection system. The results of the spray momentum flux show a very good precision compared with those experimentally and previously obtained with similar fuels but with multihole nozzle. With the method proposed in this work, an adequate forecast of spray momentum flux is obtained in the case of not having an experimental setup that allows direct measurement of the momentum flux. This study can help investigators for fuel spray modeling with novel and renewable fuels in modern propulsive systems.

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Injection rate measurements and Machine-Learning based predictions of ECN Spray A-3 piezoelectric injector

Choi,

Park,

Hwang

et al. 2024

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Experimental determination and modelling of fuel rate of injection: A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 143 publications

Zero-Dimensional Modeling of the Rate of Injection with a Diesel Common Rail System Using Single-Hole Nozzles with Neat Low-Carbon Fuels

Zero-Dimensional Modeling of the Rate of Injection with a Diesel Common Rail System Using Single-Hole Nozzles with Neat Low-Carbon Fuels

Spray Momentum Flux Novel Estimation Procedure through the Fuel Rate of Injection Using Hydrogenated Fuels with Single Hole Nozzle Diesel Injector

Injection rate measurements and Machine-Learning based predictions of ECN Spray A-3 piezoelectric injector

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