Experimental designs dedicated to the evaluation of a membrane extraction method: membrane-assisted solvent extraction for compounds having different polarities by means of gas chromatography–mass detection

Abstract

Membrane-assisted solvent extraction was applied for the determination of different classes of compounds in water, having K(o/w) (octanol-water partition coefficient) values between 10(1) (aniline) and 10(8) (methyl stearate), by means of experimental designs. Four solvents were investigated--propan-2-ol, ethyl acetate, diisopropyl ether and cyclohexane--as well as extraction time, temperature, salt impact, pH and methanol addition. The best choice was diisopropyl ether, 50 degrees C, 30 min and an addition of 3 g of sodium chloride at pH 2 for polar compounds. The relative standard deviation (n = 3) was found in the range from 5 to 17%. Recoveries ranged between 34 and 100%. Membrane-assisted solvent extraction was successfully applied to a fast screening method dedicated to an unknown wastewater sample.

Techniques and modeling of polyphenol extraction from food: a review

“…This is mainly because of the least solvent usage (approximately 800 µL) for extraction. The analyte passes through the membrane to the acceptor phase according to the partition coefficient in the sample-solvent mixture (Vincelet et al 2010). Additionally, the entire extraction is carried out in a vial on a flat membrane separating the aqueous phase with organic phase, thus not requiring any space to perform ( Barbara Hauser 2002).…”

A sensitive and reliable method for therapeutic monitoring of α1-blockers in rabbit plasma by ion-pair chromatography with enhanced fluorescence detection

“…Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is the simplest form of the extraction and purification of analytes from multi-component samples [57]. Several organic solvents were tries for extraction of α 1 -blockers from plasma samples including; Table 4.…”

Determination of nitroanilines in hair dye using polymer monolith microextraction coupled with HPLC

“…Therefore, pretreatments that take short time, use little or no organic solvents, and are friendly to analysts have led to the development of new techniques of extraction. In recent years, miniaturized techniques have been developed such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [11,13,15,40], membrane-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) [19], liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) [20,44], stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) [35,48], and online microdialysis [34]. In 2006, polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) was introduced as an alternative to SPME, which is based on the use of a capillary monolithic column [49].…”

“…Therefore, it is an important task to develop simple, rapid, and sensitive methods for the residual determination of aromatic amines. Analytical techniques including spectrophotometry 3–5, alternating‐current oscillopolarographic titration 6, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) 7, gas chromatography (GC) 8–13, GC‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) 14–20, capillary electrophoresis (CE) 21–24, liquid chromatography (LC) 25–39, and LC‐MS 40–42 have been used for the determination of aromatic anilines in various samples.…”

“…Two of the most conventionally used sample preparations, preconcentration, and clean‐up methods are solid phase extraction (SPE) 16, 28, 30, 41, 42 and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) 44, 45. However, the main drawback of SPE and liquid–liquid extraction is that they are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive procedures, and require large amount of toxic organic solvents 14, 19, 25, 29, 38, 46, 47. Therefore, pretreatments that take short time, use little or no organic solvents, and are friendly to analysts have led to the development of new techniques of extraction.…”