Experimental design to study the influence of temperature, pH, and chloride concentration on the pitting and crevice corrosion of UNS S30403 stainless steel

Dastgerdi, Arash Azimi; Brenna, Andrea; Ormellese, Marco; Pedeferri, MariaPia; Bolzoni, F.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108160

Cited by 71 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…The observations that the chlorine concentration at the crack regions increases with increasing the relative humidity give evidence to substantiate the aforementioned argument. (2) The results of the 10,000-h tests of this research suggest that the chloride concentration threshold for the initiation of SCC in 304L stainless steel at 45 • C is between 0.1 g/m 2 and 1 g/m 2 . (3) Corrosion bands were exclusively observed on the specimens with chloride concentration of 0.1 g/m 2 and 1 g/m 2 tested at 70% RH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Influence of Chloride Concentration on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Crevice Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Saline Environments

2020

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Stainless steels are used as canister materials for interim storage of spent fuel. Crevice corrosion has proved to be a safety concern of 304L stainless steel spent fuel canisters, when exposed to the saline environments of coastal sites. To study the effects of chloride concentration and test duration on the crevice corrosion behavior, and the effect of relative humidity on the initiation of discrete SCC cracks, a test program was conducted on the 304L steel specimens sprayed with synthetic sea water of 3.5 wt.%. The salt-deposited specimens, wrapped up with a crevice former to form a crevice configuration, were then exposed to an environment at 45 °C with a pre-set 45%, 55%, and 70% relative humidity (RH), for 400 h and 10,000 h, respectively. The surface features and crack morphology of the tested 304L stainless-steel specimens were examined by energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). For the specimens deposited with a chloride concentration of 1 g/m2, no cracks were found in the corroded regions after 400-h exposure, whereas SCC cracks were observed with the specimens tested for 10,000 h at all three pre-set relative humidity. The specimens tested at the pre-set relative humidity 45% are characterized with discrete SCC cracks, but, on the other hand, those exposed to the environments of 55% and 70% relative humidity show SCC cracks of distinct features. From the results of 10,000-h tests, it is inferred that the chloride concentration threshold for SCC initiation of 304L stainless steel at 45 °C is between 0.1 g/m2 and 1 g/m2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Sea salt could deposit on the canister surface by an airborne process or seawater spray. Stainless steels canisters are well-known to be susceptible to atmospheric localized corrosion in the presence of chloride ions [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The dry cask storage systems, as planned, are to operate for about 40–60 years [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Chloride Concentration on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Crevice Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Saline Environments

2020

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“…Some research shows that the decrease of pH value will lead to the positive shift of corrosion potential and the increase of corrosion rate of 304 SS [8,26,27]. The reason is that in acidic solutions, especially when the pH is low, the hydrogen evolution reaction accounts for a large proportion in the cathode process.…”

Section: Analysis Of Thermodynamic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen or/and oxygen reduction reactions occur during the iron or steel anodic dissolution process in the light of the different of pH values and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The pH conditions for hydrogen reduction may be different, but in any case, the thermodynamic conditions of hydrogen evolution can be reached with the decrease of pH value [8,26,27]. However, in the solution containing Fe 3+ , the corrosion potential of 304 SS is too positive to meet the thermodynamic conditions of the hydrogen reaction.…”

Section: Analysis Of Thermodynamic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although as for the hydrolysis of corrosion products for SS, the hydrolysis of Cr 3+ and Ni 2+ plays a dominant role, but the presence of Fe 3+ makes the corrosive environment more acidic. As the pH of the solution decreased, the corrosion of the SS accelerated and the passive film was more vulnerable to damage [8,26,28]. On the other hand, the presence of Fe 3+ might change the cathodic reaction of pit corrosion for SS.…”

Section: Effect Of Fe 3+ Around the Pit On The Pitting Corrosion Of 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Iron Valence States Around Pits and the Influence of Fe3+ on the Pitting Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials

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Potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide were used to observe and monitor the pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel (SS) at anodic polarization in situ. The results show that there are Fe3+ ions around the corrosion pit when pitting occurs on 304 SS in NaCl aqueous solution. The effect of Fe3+ surrounded pits on the pitting corrosion was also studied by testing the electrochemical behavior of 304 SS in different Fe3+/Fe2+ solutions. The presence of Fe3+ leads to the positive shift of corrosion potential and the increase of corrosion rate of 304 SS. There are two possible reasons for this phenomenon. On the one hand, Fe3+ hydrolysis results in the decrease of pH value of solution. At the same iron ion concentration, the higher the Fe3+ ion concentration, the lower the solution pH value. On the other hand, Fe3+ may reduce on the electrode surface. The decrease of solution pH and the reduction of Fe3+ resulted in the acceleration of the corrosion rate.

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Classification of pitting corrosion damage in process facilities using supervised machine learning

Patel,

Aryai,

Arzaghi

et al. 2024

Can J Chem Eng

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Corrosion is widely known to be a major cause of the failures in process facilities. Prediction of corrosion damage is therefore essential for industries to manage the availability of their assets. This research aims to investigate the application of supervised machine learning methods for the classification of pitting corrosion damage. Several machine learning classifiers, namely ensemble methods, support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbours, and the decision tree are used to classify the extent of pitting corrosion damage in corroded steel samples. To simulate the corrosion of the steel samples, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted. After processing the results using appropriate statistical methods, the corrosion data was used to train the machine learning models. The trained models can predict the class of corrosion damage with acceptable accuracy using the material and environmental specifications of the samples. Additionally, a discussion on the selection of machine learning techniques which classify corrosion damage using a risk‐based approach is provided. With their optimal accuracy and lower risk of misclassification, the SVM and AdaBoost models perform better than the other studied models.

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Experimental design to study the influence of temperature, pH, and chloride concentration on the pitting and crevice corrosion of UNS S30403 stainless steel

Cited by 71 publications

References 55 publications

Influence of Chloride Concentration on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Crevice Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Saline Environments

Influence of Chloride Concentration on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Crevice Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Saline Environments

Determination of Iron Valence States Around Pits and the Influence of Fe3+ on the Pitting Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel

Classification of pitting corrosion damage in process facilities using supervised machine learning

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