Experimental design to evaluate the efficiency of maghemite nanoparticles incorporation in styrene‐divinylbenzene copolymers

Abstract

Magnetized styrene‐divinylbenzene resins can be obtained by inserting superparamagnetic nanoparticles of maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) in the polymeric matrix. The incorporation of this nanoparticulate material can be influenced by several factors. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of these variables through an experimental design, where three factors were evaluated: cross‐linking degree, initiator content and porogenic agent, at two levels. Subsequently, to evaluate the properties of the synthesized magnetized resins, magnetization curves were plotted using a vibrating sample magnetometer, thermal stability of the magnetized copolymer was determined by thermogravimetric analysis and the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The highest initiator content produced the greatest synthesis yield, and the presence of toluene had a positive effect on saturation magnetization, indicating that incorporation of maghemite in the polymer matrix and thermal degradation were influenced by higher divinylbenzene content.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) and nanomagnetite structures

“…4 (c)) and between 550-500 cm −1 , for the three samples, presents small differences. These peaks are near of absorption bands attributed to Fe-O bonds (670 cm −1 ) [5] and (580 cm −1 ) [9] , respectively, present in the samples with magnetite. The low amount of magnetite added to the polymer may justify the small differences and displacement in these absorption bands between the FTIR spectra these four samples ( Fig.…”

“…In this sense, the use of nanoparticulate iron oxide in the synthesis of polymeric adsorbents has the advantage of associating magnetic and adsorptive properties [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . Styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer microparticles (Poly(Sty-co-DVB)) are widely known for this use, and the addition of magnetite to the synthesis process aiming to add magnetic properties must be done without limiting the adsorbent functionalization processes, with the purpose of forming cationic and/or anionic resins [5] . Knowing that the structure of the initial magnetic material can be compromised by oxidation during the synthesis process, and that the aggregation of nanoparticles is a challenge to be faced in this process [6] .…”

“…4 (b)), and between 1500 and 1400 cm −1 , due the angular deformations from CH bonds in the plane. These absorption bands are characteristic for Poly(Sty-co-DVB) copolymer [ 5 , 9 ].

Fig.

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“…The peaks in FTIR spectra at 758, 746, 700, 538 and 526 cm −1 ( Fig. 4 (c)) for the three samples can be represent benzene disubstituted ring of the Poly(Sty-co-DVB), present in all samples [ 5 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Comprehensive Review of Magnetic Polymeric Nanocomposites with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Oil Removal from Water

“…Several other ex situ strategies and methods are described in the literature: (I) coupling of polymer chains to nanoparticles; (II) simultaneous combination of polymeric chains and nanoparticles; (III) formation of ex situ nanoparticles followed by polymerization of the organic component [48,[62][63][64], and (IV) ex situ formation of polymeric nanoparticles followed by precipitation or crystallization, among other methods [30].…”