Experimental design applied to the development of a copper direct determination method in gasoline samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Sousa, Janyeid Karla Castro; Dantas, Allan Nilson de Sousa; Marques, Aldaléa Lopes Brandes; Lopes, Gisele S.

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.05.012

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…The use of emulsions, microemulsions or three-component systems appears to be the most promising approach because they are an alternative that does not require long preparation time and also decreases the risks of loss of sample or analyte by volatilization or sorption. These methods were described in several papers for the direct determination of trace elements in petroleum derivatives [5,[11][12][13]. Procedures to obtain one-phase microemulsions or conventional emulsions were also proposed for the determination of As [7,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct determination of arsenic in petroleum derivatives by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A comparison between filter and platform atomizers

Becker

Rampazzo

Dessuy

et al. 2011

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct determination of arsenic in petroleum derivatives by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A comparison between filter and platform atomizers

Becker

Rampazzo

Dessuy

et al. 2011

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Macroemulsion-based dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction for preconcentration and determination of copper(II) in gasoline

et al. 2018

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A new method referred to as microemulsion-based Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction (MDM-SPE) is presented for use in the extraction and preconcentration of metal ions from complex organic matrices. MDM-SPE combines the features of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and microemulsions. It was successfully applied to the extraction of copper(II) from gasoline prior to its determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS). The material for use in MDM-SPE was obtained by first functionalizing MNPs of the type FeO@AlO with sodium dodecyl sulfate and the chelator 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) dispersed in 1-propanol. The resulting functionalized magnetic MNPs were dispersed in a microemulsion prepared from gasoline, buffer, and 1-propanol. After waiting for 5 s (during which the formation of the copper complex on the MNPs is complete), the MNPs are magnetically separated. The complex was then eluted with 2 mol L HNO, and the eluate submitted to GF-AAS. Various parameters were optimized. Copper(II) can be quantified by this method over a linear range that extends from 2.0 to 10.0 μg·L. Other figures of merit include (a) a 37 ng·L detection limit, (b) a repeatability of 1.1%, (c) a reproducibility of 2.1%, and (d) an enrichment factor of nine. The high surface-to-volume ratio of the microemulsion containing the dispersed magnetic sorbent warrants an efficient contact for reaction between copper(II) and the complexing agent, and this results in fast (about 40 s) extraction and pre-concentration of copper(II). MDM-SPE is accurate, precise and efficient. Microemulsions do not break down, and phase separation, heating, laborious, and time-consuming sample preparation, and incorporation of impurities into the graphite furnace (which can generate inaccuracies in GF-AAS analysis) are not needed. Graphical abstract Schematic of a new method for Microemulsion-based Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction (MDMSPE) using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs). It was applied to the preconcentration of copper(II) in gasoline.

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Efficient desulfurization of gasoline fuel using ionic liquid extraction as a complementary process to adsorptive desulfurization

Nejad

Beigi

2015

Pet. Sci.

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The extractive desulfurization of a model gasoline containing several alkyl thiols and aromatic thiophenic compounds was investigated using two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate, and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, as extractants. A fractional factorial design of experiments was employed to evaluate the effects and possible interactions of several process variables. Analysis of variance tests indicated that the number of extraction steps and the IL/gasoline volume ratio were of statistically highly significant, but none of the interactions were significant. The results showed that the desulfurization efficiency of the model gasoline by the ILs could reach 95.2 % under the optimal conditions. The optimized conditions were applied to study the extraction of thiophenic compounds in model gasoline and several real gasoline samples; the following order was observed in their separation: benzothiophene [ thiophene [ 3-methylthiophene [ 2-methylthiophene, with 96.1 % removal efficiency for benzothiophene. The IL extraction was successfully applied as a complementary process to the adsorptive desulfurization with activated Raney nickel and acetonitrile solvent. The results indicated that the adsorptive process combined with IL extraction could provide high efficiency and selectivity, which can be regarded as a promising energy efficient desulfurization strategy for production of low-sulfur gasoline.

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Experimental design applied to the development of a copper direct determination method in gasoline samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Direct determination of arsenic in petroleum derivatives by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A comparison between filter and platform atomizers

Direct determination of arsenic in petroleum derivatives by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A comparison between filter and platform atomizers

Macroemulsion-based dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction for preconcentration and determination of copper(II) in gasoline

Efficient desulfurization of gasoline fuel using ionic liquid extraction as a complementary process to adsorptive desulfurization

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