Experimental demonstration of two-photon Mueller matrix second-harmonic generation microscopy

Okoro, Chukwuemeka; Toussaint, Kimani C.

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.016011

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The polarization state of the input beam is set using a PSG. 36 This beam is directed through a cube beam-splitter (30:70) and subsequently relayed by mirrors and lenses. A strain-free objective (Olympus ACHN40XP 0.65NA 40×) focuses the beam onto the sample.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning galvo mirrors sweep the beam across a ∼200-μm field-of-view on the sample. The episcattered signal is collected by the same objective, and guided back through the initial path up till the beam-splitter which partially reflects it toward a polarization state analyzer (PSA) 36 to measure the polarization state of the signal. The beam is focused through a 50-μm-diameter pinhole at the conjugate plane and then measured by a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector D CONF to obtain polarimetric confocal images via different PSG-PSA configurations.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 Our group also previously applied an adaptation of Mueller matrix polarimetry to SHG microscopy for assessment of collagenous porcine tissue. 36 Using this adaptation, based on a generalized Stokes-Mueller formalism [37][38][39] and particular to two-photon processes, 40,41 we derived a bimodal mean difference metric (μ d )associated with the degree-of-polarization-which showed increasing variation in porcine tissue with sample thickness. A limitation of this second-order Mueller matrix theory is that the parameters are not as intuitive as the conventional polarimetry case, which is important for understanding the underlying tissue properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal microscope

Okoro

Toussaint

2017

J. Biomed. Opt

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We introduce the second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal (SPPARC) microscope-a multimodal imaging platform that integrates Mueller matrix polarimetry with reflection confocal and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. SPPARC microscopy provides label-free three-dimensional (3-D), SHG-patterned confocal images that lend themselves to spatially dependent, linear polarimetric analysis for extraction of rich polarization information based on the Mueller calculus. To demonstrate its capabilities, we use SPPARC microscopy to analyze both porcine tendon and ligament samples and find differences in both circular degree-of-polarization and depolarization parameters. Moreover, using the collagen-generated SHG signal as an endogenous counterstain, we show that the technique can be used to provide 3-D polarimetric information of the surrounding extrafibrillar matrix plus cells or EFMC region. The unique characteristics of SPPARC microscopy holds strong potential for it to more accurately and quantitatively describe microstructural changes in collagen-rich samples in three spatial dimensions.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal microscope

Okoro

Toussaint

2017

J. Biomed. Opt

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“…Double Stokes-Mueller Polarimetry (DSMP) experiments carried out on collagen of rat tail tendon is e®ective in cancer diagnosis. 41 Double Mueller matrix of porcine samples is experimentally measured and depolarization parameter dependence for varying thickness of sample 44 is studied. Double StokesMueller polarimetry is performed on Drosophila and nonlinear optical properties such as susceptibility, molecular ultrastructure parameters etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SHG is studied recently using Double Stokes-Double Mueller Matrix formalism by di®erent groups. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Samim et al 40 theoretically obtained the Double Mueller matrix for cylindrically symmetric materials often found in biological structures. Double Stokes-Mueller Polarimetry (DSMP) experiments carried out on collagen of rat tail tendon is e®ective in cancer diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Stokes vector for three photon process

Shaji

Ismail

Satyanarayana

et al. 2017

J. Nonlinear Optic. Phys. Mat.

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Stokes Mueller formalism is used to measure the optical properties of materials by probing the sensitive changes in the polarization state of light after scattering from the medium. The formalism can be extended to nonlinear scattering processes involving two and three photon processes also. In this paper, we derive the Stokes vector, viz. triple Stokes vector analytically from quantum theory of light for a three photon process. The state of polarization of light, with three simultaneous photons, incident on a material is described by triple Stokes vector, and has 16 components involving cubes of intensities dependence. The response of a material for the scattered light in a three photon process is described by 4 × 16 Mueller matrix. Polarization in Polarization out (PIPO) experiments can be carried out to determine the elements of Mueller matrix. We identify 16 independent points on Poincare sphere and construct triple Stokes vector for each point. Four measurements are done to determine the linear Stokes vector of scattered light, where the 16 polarization states are represented by triple Stokes vector and this determines the Mueller matrix of the sample.

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