Experimental Demonstration of Spintronic Broadband Microwave Detectors and Their Capability for Powering Nanodevices

Fang, Bin; Carpentieri, Mario; Louis, Steven; Tiberkevich, Vasyl S.; Slavin, A. N.; Krivorotov, I. N.; Tomasello, Riccardo; Giordano, A.; Jiang, Hong-Wen; Cai, Jialin; Fan, Yuting; Zhang, Zehong; Zhang, Baoshun; Katine, J. A.; Wang, Kang L.; Amiri, Pedram Khalili; Finocchio, G.; Zeng, Zhongming

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.11.014022

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Later, broadband STD rectification was demonstrated experimentally [ 61,62 ] for zero DC bias (see example in Figure 7). In the work by Fang et al., [ 61 ] a nonlinear regime broadband detection of STD was demonstrated and compared with the low‐power Schottky diode. In this regime, the efficiency of rectification does not depend on RF in a wide range (the widest bandwidth approaching 1.2 GHz).…”

Section: Broadband Std Rectification Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Example of measured DC voltage dependence on frequency in broadband regime based on data from [61] and [63]. …”

Section: Broadband Std Rectification Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, STD working without DC bias can be used as energy harvester. Indeed, in the work by Fang et al., [ 61 ] the STD in broadband regime provided high enough DC rectified voltage to supply the real low power nanodevice. In this experiment, STD energy harvester was connected to the input of ultralow power black phosphorous nanosensor, which acted as a photons sensor and was triggered by light source.…”

Section: Std's Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Skirdkov

Zvezdin

2020

Annalen der Physik

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Among a rich variety of emerging spintronic devices, spin‐torque diodes (STDs) are among the most interesting, from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. The spin‐torque diode effect occurs when a microwave alternating electric current injected into a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) is rectified due to the simultaneous actions of tunneling magnetoresistance and spin‐transfer torque. While the sensitivity of STDs observed in the initial research is rather modest (about 1.4 mV mW−1), after only a few years researchers have increased it to 200 kV W−1 and demonstrated rectification at nanowatt input powers, which radically exceeds the capabilities of mainstream Schottky diodes. This impressive progress is based on a deep understanding of the complex STD physics and on recent advances in MTJ fabrication technology. Herein, the experimental pathways toward increasing the sensitivity and extending the frequency range of STDs and theoretical works aimed at explaining the complex nonlinear dynamics are analysed, and a wide variety of possible STD applications are discussed.

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Section: Broadband Std Rectification Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Example of measured DC voltage dependence on frequency in broadband regime based on data from [61] and [63]. …”

Section: Broadband Std Rectification Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Std's Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Skirdkov

Zvezdin

2020

Annalen der Physik

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“…MTJ diodes recently demonstrated rf energy harvesting with similar efficiency [40], however, the input power was in the µW range. Such MTJs should achieve reasonable efficiency at lower input power if the stable free layer is replaced with an LBM.…”

Section: Applications: Rf Detection and Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectification in Spin-Orbit Materials Using Low-Energy-Barrier Magnets

2019

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The coupling of spin-orbit materials to high energy barrier (∼40-60 kBT ) nano-magnets has attracted growing interest for exciting new physics and various spintronic applications. We predict that a coupling between the spin-momentum locking (SML) observed in spin-orbit materials and lowenergy barrier magnets (LBM) should exhibit a unique multi-terminal rectification for arbitrarily small amplitude channel currents. The basic idea is to measure the charge current induced spin accumulation in the SML channel in the form of a magnetization dependent voltage using an LBM, either with an in-plane or perpendicular anisotropy (IMA or PMA). The LBM feels an instantaneous spin-orbit torque due to the accumulated spins in the channel which causes the average magnetization to follow the current, leading to the non-linear rectification. We discuss the frequency band of this multi-terminal rectification which can be understood in terms of the angular momentum conservation in the LBM. For a fixed spin-current from the SML channel, the frequency band is same for LBMs with IMA and PMA, as long as they have the same total magnetic moment in a given volume. The proposed all-metallic structure could find application as highly sensitive passive rf detectors and as energy harvesters from weak ambient sources where standard technologies may not operate. arXiv:1812.00286v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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“…magnonic devices 13 , 14 . More recently, STNOs have also been identified as key elements in the realization of broadband microwave energy harvesting 15 or frequency detection 16 – 18 , and of reconstructing bio-inspired networks for neuromorphic computing 19 , 20 . All these functionalities, often realized in the very same STNO devices, are based on basic spintronic phenomena, such as injection locking to an external rf signal 21 , 22 , synchronization of multiple STNOs 23 – 26 or the spin torque diode effect 16 , 27 – 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of flicker noise and nonlinearity on the frequency spectrum of spin torque nano-oscillators

Wittrock

Talatchian

Tsunegi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The correlation of phase fluctuations in any type of oscillator fundamentally defines its spectral shape. However, in nonlinear oscillators, such as spin torque nano-oscillators, the frequency spectrum can become particularly complex. This is specifically true when not only considering thermal but also colored 1/ f flicker noise processes, which are crucial in the context of the oscillator’s long term stability. In this study, we address the frequency spectrum of spin torque oscillators in the regime of large-amplitude steady oscillations experimentally and as well theoretically. We particularly take both thermal and flicker noise into account. We perform a series of measurements of the phase noise and the spectrum on spin torque vortex oscillators, notably varying the measurement time duration. Furthermore, we develop the modelling of thermal and flicker noise in Thiele equation based simulations. We also derive the complete phase variance in the framework of the nonlinear auto-oscillator theory and deduce the actual frequency spectrum. We investigate its dependence on the measurement time duration and compare with the experimental results. Long term stability is important in several of the recent applicative developments of spin torque oscillators. This study brings some insights on how to better address this issue.

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Experimental Demonstration of Spintronic Broadband Microwave Detectors and Their Capability for Powering Nanodevices

Cited by 59 publications

References 41 publications

Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Spin‐Torque Diodes: From Fundamental Research to Applications

Rectification in Spin-Orbit Materials Using Low-Energy-Barrier Magnets

Influence of flicker noise and nonlinearity on the frequency spectrum of spin torque nano-oscillators

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