Experimental Demonstration of Single Photon Nonlocality

Hessmo, Björn; Usachev, P. A.; Heydari, Hoshang; Björk, Gunnar

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.180401

Cited by 139 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Here we report a protocol where entanglement between two atomic ensembles is created by coherent mapping of an entangled state of light. By splitting a single-photon [7,8,9] and subsequent state transfer, we separate the generation of entanglement and its storage [10]. After a programmable delay, the stored entanglement is mapped back into photonic modes with overall efficiency of 17%.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, for efficient distribution of entanglement over quantum networks, reversible mapping of an entangled state between matter and light, as illustrated in Fig. 1a, has not been addressed until now.In our experiment, entanglement between two atomic ensembles L a , R a is created by first splitting a single photon into two modes L in , R in to generate an entangled state of light [7,8,9]. This entangled field state is then coherently mapped to an entangled matter state for L a , R a .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Choi

Deng

Laurat

et al. 2008

Nature

521

545

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Recent developments of quantum information science [1] critically rely on entanglement, an intriguing aspect of quantum mechanics where parts of a composite system can exhibit correlations stronger than any classical counterpart [2]. In particular, scalable quantum networks require capabilities to create, store, and distribute entanglement among distant matter nodes via photonic channels [3]. Atomic ensembles can play the role of such nodes [4]. So far, in the photon counting regime, heralded entanglement between atomic ensembles has been successfully demonstrated via probabilistic protocols [5,6]. However, an inherent drawback of this approach is the compromise between the amount of entanglement and its preparation probability, leading intrinsically to low count rate for high entanglement. Here we report a protocol where entanglement between two atomic ensembles is created by coherent mapping of an entangled state of light. By splitting a single-photon [7,8,9] and subsequent state transfer, we separate the generation of entanglement and its storage [10]. After a programmable delay, the stored entanglement is mapped back into photonic modes with overall efficiency of 17%. Improvements of single-photon sources [11] together with our protocol will enable "on-demand" entanglement of atomic ensembles, a powerful resource for quantum networking.In the quest to achieve quantum networks over long distances [3], an area of considerable activity has been the interaction of light with atomic ensembles comprised of a large collection of identical atoms [4,12,13]. In the regime of continuous variables, a particularly notable advance has been the teleportation of quantum states between light and matter [14]. For discrete variables with photons taken one by one, important achievements include the efficient mapping of collective atomic excitations to single photons [15,16,17,18,19], the realization of entanglement between a pair of distant ensembles [5,20] In all these cases, progress has relied upon probabilistic schemes following the measurement-induced approach developed in the seminal paper by Duan, Lukin, Cirac and Zoller [4] (DLCZ ) and subsequent extensions. For the DLCZ protocol, heralded entanglement is generated by detecting a single photon emitted indistinguishably by one of two ensembles. Intrinsically, the probability p to prepare entanglement with only 1 excitation shared between two ensembles is related to the quality of entanglement, since the likelihood for contamination of the entangled state by processes involving 2 excitations scales as p [20], and results in low success probability for each trial. Although the degree of stored entanglement can approach unity for the (rare) successful trials [20], the condition p ≪ 1 dictates reductions in count rate and compromises in the quality of the resulting entangled state (e.g., as p → 0, processes such as stray light scattering and detector dark counts become increasingly important). Furthermore, for finite memory time, subsequent connection of entanglement become...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Choi

Deng

Laurat

et al. 2008

Nature

521

545

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“…Most important, our experiment sheds some light on the hotly debated concepts of single-photon two-mode entanglement and nonlocality [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15]. On the one hand, singlephoton two-mode states of the kind described by Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] is based upon dichotomization of quadrature data and heavily relies upon data-rejection. Of particular interest, in this respect, is the experiment by Hessmo et al [12], who have implemented the theoretical proposals by Tan et al [7] and by Hardy [9], demonstrating the nonclassical character of the correlations characterizing two spatial modes sharing a single photon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intensive studies and debates have been dedicated to the meaningfulness of extending both the concepts of entanglement and nonlocality to TWC-type single-photon two-mode systems (see, e.g., [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]). Quite recently, Babichev, et al [11] and Zavatta, et al [14] have experimentally characterized a source of two-mode spatially and temporally delocalized single photons, respectively, by employing time-domain homodyne tomography [16] and reconstructing both density matrix and Wigner function of the measured system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tomographic test of Bell’s inequality for a time-delocalized single photon

et al. 2006

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Time-domain balanced homodyne detection is performed on two well-separated temporal modes sharing a single photon. The reconstructed density matrix of the two-mode system is used to prove and quantify its entangled nature, while the Wigner function is employed for an innovative tomographic test of Bell's inequality based on the theoretical proposal by Banaszek and Wodkiewicz (Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2009Lett. 82, (1999). Provided some auxiliary assumptions are made, a clear violation of Banaszek-Bell's inequality is found.

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Microscopic Reversibility, Nonlinearity, and the Conditional Nature of Single Particle Entanglement

Domenico

2019

Springer Theses

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Experimental Demonstration of Single Photon Nonlocality

Cited by 139 publications

References 19 publications

Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Tomographic test of Bell’s inequality for a time-delocalized single photon

Microscopic Reversibility, Nonlinearity, and the Conditional Nature of Single Particle Entanglement

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