Experimental demonstration of ecological character displacement

Tyerman, Jabus; Bertrand, Mathieu; Spencer, Christine C.; Doebeli, Michael

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-34

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Experimental work has shown that intraspecific competition can promote phenotypic divergence [9][10][11] and expanded resource use [12][13][14] by a population. Likewise, resource competition is often cited as an important driver of lineage diversification in microbial experiments [15] although this is more often because other potential mechanisms promoting diversification, such as predation or parasites, are excluded by design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition both drives and impedes diversification in a model adaptive radiation

et al. 2013

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Competitors are known to be important in governing the outcome of evolutionary diversification during an adaptive radiation, but the precise mechanisms by which they exert their effects remain elusive. Using the model adaptive radiation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, we show experimentally that the effect of competition on diversification of a focal lineage depends on both the strength of competition and the ability of the competitors to diversify. We provide evidence that the extent of diversification in the absence of interspecific competitors depends on the strength of resource competition. We also show that the presence of competitors can actually increase diversity by increasing interspecific resource competition. Competitors that themselves are able to diversify prevent diversification of the focal lineage by removing otherwise available ecological opportunities. These results suggest that the progress of an adaptive radiation depends ultimately on the strength of resource competition, an effect that can be exaggerated or impeded by the presence of competitors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition both drives and impedes diversification in a model adaptive radiation

et al. 2013

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“…In contrast, when the fish was evolved alone, traits varied more or less randomly. Similarly, species diversification has been observed in other competitive systems [137][138][139]. Predator-prey [140,141] and host-parasite interactions [142][143][144][145][146] have also been shown to cause genetic divergence.…”

Section: Evolution and Coevolutionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Using artificial systems to explore the ecology and evolution of symbioses

Momeni

Chen

Hillesland

et al. 2011

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The web of life is weaved from diverse symbiotic interactions between species. Symbioses vary from antagonistic interactions such as competition and predation to beneficial interactions such as mutualism. What are the bases for the origin and persistence of symbiosis? What affects the ecology and evolution of symbioses? How do symbiotic interactions generate ecological patterns? How do symbiotic partners evolve and coevolve? Many of these questions are difficult to address in natural systems. Artificial systems, from abstract to living, have been constructed to capture essential features of natural symbioses and to address these key questions. With reduced complexity and increased controllability, artificial systems can serve as useful models for natural systems. We review how artificial systems have contributed to our understanding of symbioses.

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“…Under weaker diversifying conditions, the second lineage typically emerged at between 500 -1000 generations and the third lineage typically emerged after 2000 generations, whereas under stronger diversifying conditions, times to diversification were shorter. The experiments of Doebeli & co-workers [2][3][4] were run over a maximum of 1200 generations and observed two distinct lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study of diversification involving Escherichia coli [2,3], there was evidence that the diversification was caused, in part, by frequency-dependent ecological interactions between ecotypes. Furthermore, in Le Gac and Doebeli's experiment, the genetics of phenotypic differences between ecotypes had an epistatic basis [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epistasis can accelerate adaptive diversification in haploid asexual populations

Griswold

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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A fundamental goal of the biological sciences is to determine processes that facilitate the evolution of diversity. These processes can be separated into ecological, physiological, developmental and genetic. An ecological process that facilitates diversification is frequency-dependent selection caused by competition. Models of frequency-dependent adaptive diversification have generally assumed a genetic basis of phenotype that is non-epistatic. Here, we present a model that indicates diversification is accelerated by an epistatic basis of phenotype in combination with a competition model that invokes frequencydependent selection. Our model makes use of a genealogical model of epistasis and insights into the effects of balancing selection on the genealogical structure of a population to understand how epistasis can facilitate diversification. The finding that epistasis facilitates diversification may be informative with respect to empirical results that indicate an epistatic basis of phenotype in experimental bacterial populations that experienced adaptive diversification.

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Experimental demonstration of ecological character displacement

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

Competition both drives and impedes diversification in a model adaptive radiation

Competition both drives and impedes diversification in a model adaptive radiation

Using artificial systems to explore the ecology and evolution of symbioses

Epistasis can accelerate adaptive diversification in haploid asexual populations

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