Experimental Demonstration of a Suspended Dual Recycling Interferometer for Gravitational Wave Detection

Heinzel, Gerhard; Strain, K. A.; Mizuno, Jun; Skeldon, K. D.; Willke, B.; Winkler, W.; Schilling, R.; Rüdiger, A.; Danzmann, K.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.5493

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As the mirrors move in response to radiation pressure, higher power operation, though crucial for further sensitivity enhancement, will however increase quantum effects of radiation pressure, or even jeopardize the stable operation of the detuned cavities proposed for next-generation interferometers [4,5,6]. The appearance of such optomechanical instabilities [7,8] is the result of the nonlinear interplay between the motion of the mirrors and the optical field dynamics.…”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-pressure cooling and optomechanical instability of a micromirror

Arcizet

Cohadon

Briant

et al. 2006

Nature

963

969

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PACS numbers:Recent experimental progress in table-top experiments [1,2] or gravitational-wave interferometers [3] has enlightened the unique displacement sensitivity offered by optical interferometry. As the mirrors move in response to radiation pressure, higher power operation, though crucial for further sensitivity enhancement, will however increase quantum effects of radiation pressure, or even jeopardize the stable operation of the detuned cavities proposed for next-generation interferometers [4,5,6]. The appearance of such optomechanical instabilities [7,8] is the result of the nonlinear interplay between the motion of the mirrors and the optical field dynamics. In a detuned cavity indeed, the displacements of the mirror are coupled to intensity fluctuations, which modifies the effective dynamics of the mirror. Such "optical spring" effects have already been demonstrated on the mechanical damping of an electromagnetic waveguide with a moving wall [9], on the resonance frequency of a specially designed flexure oscillator [10], and through the optomechanical instability of a silica micro-toroidal resonator [11]. We present here an experiment where a micro-mechanical resonator is used as a mirror in a very high-finesse optical cavity and its displacements monitored with an unprecedented sensitivity. By detuning the cavity, we have observed a drastic cooling of the microresonator by intracavity radiation pressure, down to an effective temperature of 10 K. We have also obtained an efficient heating for an opposite detuning, up to the observation of a radiation-pressure induced instability of the resonator. Further experimental progress and cryogenic operation may lead to the experimental observation of the quantum ground state of a mechanical resonator [12,13,14], either by passive [15] or active cooling techniques [16,17,18].The resonator is placed at the end of a linear cavity, along with a conventional coupling mirror (Fig. 1a). As we are only interested in the motion at frequencies Ω close to a resonance frequency Ω m of the resonator, the mirror dynamics can be approximated as the one of a single harmonic oscillator, with resonance frequency Ω m , mass M , damping Γ m and mechanical susceptibility:The resonator is submitted to a radiation pressure force F rad induced by the intracavity field. Depending on the detuning Ψ ≡ 4πL/λ [2π], where L is the cavity length and λ the laser wavelength, any small displacement x of the resonator induces a variation of the intracavity power P and of the radiation pressure (see Fig. 1b). As a consequence, the spring constant k = M Ω 2 m of the resonator is balanced by the radiation pressure force: for a positive detuning, the displacement creates a negative linear force and thereby an additional binding force, increasing the effective spring constant, whereas for a negative detuning, the force corresponds to a softening of the oscillator. Effects are null at resonance, maximum at half-width of the optical resonance, and proportional to the incident power. These effects hav...

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Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-pressure cooling and optomechanical instability of a micromirror

Arcizet

Cohadon

Briant

et al. 2006

Nature

963

969

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“…Next-generation interferometers, such as Advanced LIGO [5], plan to use the so-called detuned signal-recycling (SR) technique-in which an additional mirror is placed behind the dark port of a Michelson interferometer in order to modify the optical resonance structure of the interferometer: depending on the location and the reflectivity of this signal-recycling mirror, the eigenfrequency and quality factor of the optical resonance can be adjusted [6][7][8]. As shown theoretically by Buonanno and Chen [9][10][11] and experimentally by Somiya et al [12] and Miyakawa et al [13], detuned signal recycling makes the power inside the interferometer dependent on the motion of the mirrors, creating an optical spring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double optical spring enhancement for gravitational-wave detectors

et al. 2008

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Currently planned second-generation gravitational-wave laser interferometers such as Advanced LIGO exploit the extensively investigated signal-recycling technique. Candidate Advanced LIGO configurations are usually designed to have two resonances within the detection band, around which the sensitivity is enhanced: a stable optical resonance and an unstable optomechanical resonance-which is upshifted from the pendulum frequency due to the so-called optical-spring effect. As an alternative to a feedback control system, we propose an all-optical stabilization scheme, in which a second optical spring is employed, and the test mass is trapped by a stable ponderomotive potential well induced by two carrier light fields whose detunings have opposite signs. The double optical spring also brings additional flexibility in reshaping the noise spectral density and optimizing toward specific gravitational-wave sources. The presented scheme can be extended easily to a multi-optical-spring system that allows further optimization.

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“…In the past decades several proposals were made and realized in GW detectors to reduce the shot noise. Apart from higher input light powers, all first generation GW detectors use enhancement ("recycling") cavities [15] as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Improving the Signal-to-shot-noise Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A gravitational wave detector operating beyond the quantum shot-noise limit: Squeezed light in application

Schnabel

2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This contribution reviews our recent progress on the generation of squeezed light [1], and also the recent squeezed-light enhancement of the gravitational wave detector GEO 600 [2]. GEO 600 is currently the only GW observatory operated by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration in its search for gravitational waves. With the help of squeezed states of light it now operates with its best ever sensitivity, which not only proves the qualification of squeezed light as a key technology for future gravitational wave astronomy but also the usefulness of quantum entanglement.

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Experimental Demonstration of a Suspended Dual Recycling Interferometer for Gravitational Wave Detection

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

Radiation-pressure cooling and optomechanical instability of a micromirror

Radiation-pressure cooling and optomechanical instability of a micromirror

Double optical spring enhancement for gravitational-wave detectors

A gravitational wave detector operating beyond the quantum shot-noise limit: Squeezed light in application

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