Experimental deficiency of gastric “mucus barrier”

Kowalewski, K.; Chmura, G.; Dent, Chir; Schier, J

doi:10.1007/bf02235968

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…21 The pertinent angles about the chloride ion are ZO-Cl-O' = 127.8 (5)°, ZNDma-C1-N'Dma = 107. 6 (2)°, ZNDMA-Cl-0 = 117.5(3)°, and ZNDMa-C1-0' = 93.3(4)°.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Porphyrins. XXIX. Crystal and molecular structure and luminescence of bis(dimethylamine)etio(I)porphinatorhodium(III) chloride dihydrate

Hanson¹,

Gouterman²,

Hanson³

1973

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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A luminescing rhodium(III) etioporphyrin has been synthesized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction identified the compound as bis(dimethylamine)etio(I)porphinatorhodium(III) chloride dihydrate, RhC36NeH50Cl-2H2O. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2¡n with unit cell dimensions a = 14.446 (6) A, b = 10.943 (7) A, c = 12.319 (6) Á, and ß = 105.68 (1)0; the density is 1.32 g/cm3 for Z = 2. The structure was solved from 2158 observed reflections using conventional heavy-atom Patterson techniques; the light atoms were located from Fourier and . syntheses; the final R = 0.068. The octahedrally coordinated rhodium atom is in the plane

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“…21 The pertinent angles about the chloride ion are ZO-Cl-O' = 127.8 (5)°, ZNDma-C1-N'Dma = 107. 6 (2)°, ZNDMA-Cl-0 = 117.5(3)°, and ZNDMa-C1-0' = 93.3(4)°.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…103 ( 12) 11 ( 10) 28 ( 8 " The values of the fractional coordinates are multiplied by 104. 6 Isotropic thermal parameters were set at B = 8.0 for all hydrogen atoms except H(3), H(5), and H(10), whose B = 5.0. H(3) is bound to N(3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrins. XXIX. Crystal and molecular structure and luminescence of bis(dimethylamine)etio(I)porphinatorhodium(III) chloride dihydrate

Hanson¹,

Gouterman²,

Hanson³

1973

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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“…Furthermore, histamine is a powerful vasodilator and a stimulator of gastric secretion in higher animals. [6][7][8][9][10] Free histamine, obtained by the enzymic decarboxylation of histidine, forms complexes with metals of biological interest and it is well known that the majority of active compounds are those capable of forming a a six-membered ring between a 2-amino side chain nitrogen, a tertiary nitrogen of an aromatic nucleus, and some polar center. Indeed, in order to be involved in the binding between small molecules and proteins, a metal must be capable of forming an independent complex with the small molecule.11 The crystal structures of some metal complex of histamine are already known,12-15 but surprisingly the crystal structure of histamine free base was unknown until the present work.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure of histamine

Bonnet¹,

Ibers²

1973

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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The structure of histamine free base has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data, collected by counter methods. The tautomer obtained in the solid state by recrystallization from benzene is 5-(2aminoethyl)imidazole, with no evidence for the coexistence of 4-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole. The imidazole and NH2 groups are trans to one another across the C-C bond of the ethyl group. The nitrogen and carbon atoms of the imidazole ring are coplanar. The dihedral angle between this plane and the plane of the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the aminoethyl side chain is 66.3°. Distances within the molecule are in good agreement with recent X-ray and neutron diffraction results on the orthorhombic form of L-histidine, despite the fact that orthorhombic lhistidine is a derivative of 4-ethylimidiazole, rather than 5-ethylimidazole. In histamine free base there is an -• • -N hydrogen bond involving the N-H function of the imidazole ring with the NH2 group on the side chain of an adjacent molecule. In this way infinite zig-zag chains of imidazole molecules are formed in the crystal. Histamine free base cry stallizesin space group C22-P2i of the monoclinic system, in a cell of dimensions a = 7.249 (2), b = 7.634 (3), c = 5.698 (2) A, and ß = 104.96 (2)°. A density of 1.218 g/cm3 45678910calculated for two molecules in the unit cell agrees with that of 1.20 (1) g/cm3 observed by flotation in an ethyl benzoate-iodobenzene medium. A total of 548 unique reflections was collected using Cu Ka X-radiation, prefiltered with Ni foil. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares methods to a final agreement index on Fof 3.1 %.

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“…Kowalewski et al [15] observed a significant decrease of hexosamines in the gastric juice of Shay-rats as well as of cannula-bearing animals [16] when the esophagus was ligated. In the present report, esophageal ligation induced a 90-percent fall of the NDRS output in the gastric juice, but the meaning of this data must be questioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Contamination by Salivary Mucous Secretions in the Pylorus-Ligated Rat

Chayvialle¹,

Lambert²

1973

Digestion

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Contamination of the gastric juice of the rat by sulfated salivary mucosubstances was studied in pylorus-ligated rats. The nondialyzable radiosulfate (NDRS) after proteolysis in saliva and gastric juice was used as the index of the amount of sulfated mucosubstances present in them. The ligation of the esophagus evokes a strong decrease of the amount of NDRS in the gastric contents, while no significant variation of the NDRS is observed in the gastric wall. The simultaneous collection of saliva Saliva and gastric juice in presence of an esophageal catheter shows that the NDRS in pure gastric juice reaches only 5% of the values in saliva. A higher percentage is obtained when the secretions are collected above (salivary) and under (gastric) a forestomach-fundus ligation, the NDRS in pure gastric juice is still less than 20% of the amount collected in saliva. Histochemical and autoradiographic studies on the salivary glands did not reveal any sulfated components in the parotid, submaxillary and major sublingual glands, while they were present in the accessory mucous glands. This was confirmed by the lack of effect of a salivary ducts ligation on the non-dialyzable radiosulfate content of the gastric juice. It is concluded that accessory mucous glands in the oral cavity play a major role in the mucous contamination of the gastric juice.

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Experimental deficiency of gastric “mucus barrier”

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Porphyrins. XXIX. Crystal and molecular structure and luminescence of bis(dimethylamine)etio(I)porphinatorhodium(III) chloride dihydrate

Porphyrins. XXIX. Crystal and molecular structure and luminescence of bis(dimethylamine)etio(I)porphinatorhodium(III) chloride dihydrate

Structure of histamine

Gastric Contamination by Salivary Mucous Secretions in the Pylorus-Ligated Rat

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