Experimental Data of Citric Acid Extraction from Aqueous Solution with 1-Decanol by Using Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium

Abstract

In this study, experimental tie-line data for the ternary system containing water, citric acid, and 1-decanol were measured at various temperatures (298.2, 308.2, 318.2, and 328.2 K) and atmospheric pressure (101.3 ± 0.4 kPa). The reliability and consistency of the liquid−liquid equilibrium experimental data were evaluated by the Othmer−Tobias and Hand equations. The distribution coefficients and separation factor of this system for solvent capability were calculated. The maximum of separation factor for 1-decanol as solvent was obtained as 4.25 at 298.2 K and decreases with increasing temperature and citric acid concentration. Finally, by using the genetic algorithm method, interaction parameters of the NRTL thermodynamic model were measured for these experimental data. The values of the parameters of this model were evaluated with the root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) method. The average rmsd value between the experimental and calculated mass fraction was 0.1984% for the NRTL model. The rmsd values demonstrate that the NRTL model is suitable for description of phase behavior and can be applied to this system.

Experimental Data and Thermodynamic Modeling of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Valeric Acid Extraction from Aqueous Solutions with Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone at Several Temperatures

“…The dependence of the binary interaction parameters of NRTL and UNIQUAC models on temperature is correlated as a linear relationship in Table . Attained interaction parameters from GA were assessed and tested by the method of Marcilla et al, and they were consistent with LLE experimental data. It is important to know that the Gibbs mixing energy in each phase is minimized by these parameters, and all experimental tie-lines have the least amount of mixture Gibbs energy.…”

“…To obtain the tie-lines data, the aqueous and organic phases were weighed and analyzed, and then the mass fraction of the components were obtained for both phases. All methods and experiments available in this paper are similar to our previous publications. − ,− A schematic of the main parts of the LLE process in these experiments is presented in Figure .…”

Ternary Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Phosphoric Acid Extraction from Aqueous Solutions with 1-Pentanol or Methyl Butyl Ketone at T = (298.2, 308.2, and 318.2) K

“…Three hours is believed to be an ideal time for the phase equilibrium. All of the methods in this work are similar to our prior publications. − …”

Rapid Characterization of Multiple-Contact Miscibility: Toward a Slim-Tube on a Chip

“…The tie lines were linearly interpolated between pairs of experimental tie lines. The plait point, or tie line of zero length, was estimated by the Othmer–Tobias method . A mixing-cell model is sufficient for describing the compositional evolution for a ternary system…”

“…The plait point, or tie line of zero length, was estimated by the Othmer−Tobias method. 45 A mixing-cell model is sufficient for describing the compositional evolution for a ternary system. 7 Figure 2 schematically illustrates the process in the case that a water-rich phase of composition P occupies the pocket and is displaced by a hexanol-rich displacing phase of composition D. After mixing a small volume of the displacing phase into the pocket (a discretized representation of the continuous process), the overall composition is M 1 .…”