Experimental Creeping Eruption From a Cat and Dog Hookworm (A. Braziliense)

Shelmire, Bedford

doi:10.1001/jama.1928.02700130016005

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…caninum, and A. tubaeforme. The greatest enzyme activity was found in A. braziliense, the species classically identified as the cause of cutaneous larva migrans (7,(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

et al. 1992

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During skin penetration, infective hookworm larvae encounter hyaluronic acid as they migrate between epidermal keratinocytes and through the ground substance of the dermis. A hyaluronidase would facilitate passage through the epidermis and dermis during larval invasion. Zoonotic hookworm larvae of the genus Ancylostoma were shown to contain a hyaluronidase activity that migrated on modified sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) hyaluronic acid gels with an apparent Mr of 49,000. A second form with an M, of 87,000 was also identified. The major etiologic agent of cutaneous larva migrans, A. braziliense, was shown to have the greatest enzyme activity, hydrolyzing up to 3.3 Kg of hyaluronic acid per h per ,ug of total parasite protein at pH 6.0, whereas A. caninum and A. tubaeforme each had much less enzyme activity. The differences in enzyme activities between species correlated with differences in the intensities of the lytic zones at 49 and 87 kDa on SDS-PAGE hyaluronic acid gels. Hookworm hyaluronidase activity exhibited a broad pH optimum between 6.0 and 8.0 and did not hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate, two features that suggest that the hookworm enzyme is more like the invertebrate leech hyaluronidase than mammalian testicular or lysosomal hyaluronidase. Larvae of A. braziliense were shown to release hyaluronidase activity and degrade radiolabeled hyaluronic acid in vitro. Gold sodium thiomalate was identified as an enzyme inhibitor. The hyaluronidase is the second major virulence factor that we have identified from infective hookworm larvae. * Corresponding author. sively in the basal layer of the epidermis to cause cutaneous larva migrans (7, 27-29).

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“…caninum, and A. tubaeforme. The greatest enzyme activity was found in A. braziliense, the species classically identified as the cause of cutaneous larva migrans (7,(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

et al. 1992

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“…Similarly, there is considerable doubt as to whether " creeping eruption " in man has ever been produced by the larvae of A. braziliense. Unfortunately, Shelmire (1928), Dove (1982), etc., do not furnish us with any data as to the exact identity of the larvae with which they reproduced the creeping eruption in volunteers. None of the Americans who have studied this problem gives a description of the adult worm and all seem to ^accept A. ceylanicum and A. gilsoni as synonyms of A. braziliense ; whereas, in reality, A. gilsoniis a synonym of A. ceylanicum which has been demonstrated to be completely different from A. braziliense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Ancylostoma braziliense (de Faria, 1910) and its Morphological Differentiation from A. ceylanicum

Biocca

1951

J. Helminthol.

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The species of the genus Ancylostoma (Dubini, 1848) reported as parasites of the human intestine are A. duodenale, A. braziliense, and occasionally A. caninum and A. malayanum. “Creeping eruption ” is considered to be a cutaneous helminthiasis produced by larvae of an ancylostome that American authors accepted as A. braziliense. As a result of detailed studies of the parasite by Lane (1922), Darling (1924) and Schwartz (1927), the majority of parasitologists now treat A. ceylanicum as a synonym of A. braziliense, contrary to the opinions of de Faria (1914,1916) who described A. braziliense, and Looss (1914) who described A. ceylanicum. The solution of the problem is not only of systematic but also of epidemiological importance because de Faria (1914) expressed the opinion that A. braziliense is not pathogenic for man. In the present enquiry the writer has been able to demonstrate that A. braziliense and A. ceylanicum are two different species; and for this reason it is considered of interest to summarise the original descriptions of the two nematodes and the existing opinions concerning this problem.

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“…Two independent, yet parallel experiments, involving dermal application of A . braziliense larvae in Texas [ 34 ] and India [ 35 ] confirmed this clinical observation. The medical student participants in Texas suffered severe CLM; conversely, the participants in India suffered no discernible dermal reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Peripheral blood eosinophilia is universally reported, with detectable rises in eosinophil counts from as early as day 7 (mean day 21), with peak values measured between the fifth and sixth weeks [ 24 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 37 – 39 , 41 , 42 , 45 – 47 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 62 , 63 , 72 – 74 , 79 ].…”

Section: Larval Infectivity and Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental human hookworm infection: a narrative historical review

et al. 2021

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In 1896, a serendipitous laboratory accident led to the understanding that hookworms propagate infection by penetrating skin, a theory that was then confirmed with the first experimental human infection, reported in 1901. Experimental human infections undertaken in the 20th century enabled understanding of the natural history of infection and the immune response. More recently, experimental hookworm infection has been performed to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of hookworm infection and for the evaluation of hookworm vaccines and chemotherapeutic interventions. Experimental human hookworm infection has been proven to be safe, with no deaths observed in over 500 participants (although early reports predate systematic adverse event reporting) and no serious adverse events described in over 200 participants enrolled in contemporary clinical trials. While experimental human hookworm infection holds significant promise, as both a challenge model for testing anti-hookworm therapies and for treating various diseases of modernity, there are many challenges that present. These challenges include preparation and storage of larvae, which has not significantly changed since Harada and Mori first described their coproculture method in 1955. In vitro methods of hookworm larval culture, storage, and the development of meaningful potency or release assays are required. Surrogate markers of intestinal infection intensity are required because faecal egg counts or hookworm faecal DNA intensity lack the fidelity required for exploration of hookworm infection as a vaccine/drug testing platform or as a regulated therapy.

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Experimental Creeping Eruption From a Cat and Dog Hookworm (A. Braziliense)

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

On Ancylostoma braziliense (de Faria, 1910) and its Morphological Differentiation from A. ceylanicum

Experimental human hookworm infection: a narrative historical review

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