Experimental constraints on crystallization differentiation in a deep magma ocean

Walter, Michael J.; Nakamura, Eizo; Trønnes, Reidar G.; Frost, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.014

Cited by 91 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Model update is significant improvement over WvW01. Mismatch with largest ionic radius cations (lightest REE) in Corgne and Wood (2004) and Walter et al (2004) experiments is attributed to minor incorporation of melt in garnet trace element analyses Contrib Mineral Petrol (2007) 154:731-746 743 in partitioning studies, owing to the effect of incorporation of even the smallest amounts of melt in the garnet trace element analyses. Such incorporation of melt, much richer in low-D elements than is coexisting garnet, can artificially raise the apparent D values for those elements .…”

Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible correlations between these variables were first assessed to find combinations in which all variables were independent of one another. Then, each individual lattice-strain fit parameter (D 0 r 0 , and E) was (2000) 1-3 GPa, 900-1,150°C, hydrous, andesitic to tonalitic melts Klemme et al (2002) 3 GPa, 1,400°C, anhydrous Nicholls and Harris (1980) 2-3 GPa, 940-1,420°C, dacitic melts, hydrous Salters and Longhi (1999) 2.8 GPa, 1,500-1,550°C, anhydrous Salters et al (2002) 2.8-3.4 GPa, 1,465-1,660°C, anhydrous Shimizu and Kushiro (1975) 3 GPa, 1,275°C, anhydrous Walter et al (2004)~23 GPa,~2,300°C, anhydrous, majoritic garnet multiply regressed against combinations of these independent variables using both standard and ''stepwise'' approaches. Multiple linear regression results for these permutations show which are robust predictors and which are not.…”

Section: Expanded Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3d, we plot data from studies that produced garnets having a significant majorite content in nominally anhydrous experiments performed at 9-25 GPa. These include one experiment on Homestead L5 ordinary chondrite at 9 GPa (Draper et al 2003); the experiment reported by Corgne and Wood (2004); and an experiment performed by Walter et al (2004). The latter study lacked Sc data and so was not included in the statistical database, but the former two runs were included.…”

Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d Nominally anhydrous experiments in ultramafic systems at high pressure, with substantial majorite content in garnet. Data from Corgne and Wood (2004), runs 233 + 244 (9 GPa, larger majorite content) of Draper et al (2003), run 62 of Walter et al (2004). Former two included in statistical database, latter one, lacking Sc data, was not.…”

Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such incorporation of melt, much richer in low-D elements than is coexisting garnet, can artificially raise the apparent D values for those elements . We attribute the departure of the LREE partitioning data of Walter et al (2004) and Corgne and Wood (2004) from the parabolic curve to that very phenomenon. Finally, applying the new model to the single study in which majoritic garnets were produced in hydrous experiments (Inoue et al 2000) (not shown) yields even worse mismatches than for the lower pressure hydrous data shown in Fig.…”

Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying garnet-melt trace element partitioning using lattice-strain theory: assessment of statistically significant controls and a new predictive model

Draper

Westrenen

2007

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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As a complement to our efforts to update and revise the thermodynamic basis for predicting garnet-melt trace element partitioning using lattice-strain theory (van Westrenen and Draper in Contrib Mineral Petrol, this issue), we have performed detailed statistical evaluations of possible correlations between intensive and extensive variables and experimentally determined garnet-melt partitioning values for trivalent cations (rare earth elements, Y, and Sc) entering the dodecahedral garnet X-site. We applied these evaluations to a database containing over 300 partition coefficient determinations, compiled both from literature values and from our own work designed in part to expand that database. Available data include partitioning measurements in ultramafic to basaltic to intermediate bulk compositions, and recent studies in Fe-rich systems relevant to extraterrestrial petrogenesis, at pressures sufficiently high such that a significant component of majorite, the high-pressure form of garnet, is present. Through the application of lattice-strain theory, we obtained best-fit values for the ideal ionic radius of the dodecahedral garnet X-site, r 0 (3+), its apparent Young's modulus E(3+), and the strain-free partition coefficient D 0 (3+) for a fictive REE element J of ionic radius r 0 (3+). Resulting values of E, D 0 , and r 0 were used in multiple linear regressions involving sixteen variables that reflect the possible influence of garnet composition and stoichiometry, melt composition and structure, major-element partitioning, pressure, and temperature. We find no statistically significant correlations between fitted r 0 and E values and any combination of variables. However, a highly robust correlation between fitted D 0 and garnet-melt Fe-Mg exchange and D Mg is identified. The identification of more explicit melt-compositional influence is a first for this type of predictive modeling. We combine this statistically-derived expression for predicting D 0 with the new expressions for predicting E and r 0 outlined in the first of our pair of companion papers into an updated set of formulae that use easy-to-measure quantities (e.g. garnet composition, pressure, temperature) to predict variations in E, r 0 , and D 0 . These values are used in turn to calculate D values for those garnets. The updated model substantially improves upon a previous model (van Westrenen et al. in Contrib Mineral Petrol 142:219-234, 2001), and accounts well for trivalent cation partitioning in nominally anhydrous systems up to at least 15 GPa, including for eclogitic bulk compositions and for Fe-rich systems appropriate to magmagenesis on the Moon and Mars. The new model is slightly less successful in predicting partitioning with strongly majoritic garnets, although the mismatch is much less than with the original 2001 model. Although it also improves upon the 2001 model in predicting partitioning in hydrous systems, the mismatch between model and observation is still unacceptably large. The same statistical tools were applied in a...

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Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expanded Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compo-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying garnet-melt trace element partitioning using lattice-strain theory: assessment of statistically significant controls and a new predictive model

Draper

Westrenen

2007

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Melting experiments on peridotite to lowermost mantle conditions

2014

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Melting experiments on a pyrolitic mantle material were performed in a pressure range from 34 to 179 GPa based on laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC) techniques. The textural and chemical characterizations of quenched samples were made by using field-emission-type electron microprobe (FE-EPMA). Melts formed by 46 to 77 wt.% partial melting in this study were ultrabasic in composition and became more depleted in SiO 2 and more enriched in FeO with increasing pressure. Melting textures indicate that the liquidus phase changed from ferropericlase to MgSiO 3 -rich perovskite at least above 34 GPa and further to post-perovskite. The first phase to melt (disappear) changed from CaSiO 3 perovskite to (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase between 68 and 82 GPa. The stability of ferropericlase above solidus temperature shrinks with increasing pressure (melting last below 34 GPa and first 82 GPa), resulting in higher (MgO + FeO)/SiO 2 ratio in partial melt at higher pressure. Additionally, the Fe-Mg distribution coefficients (K D ) between perovskite/ post-perovskite and melt decreased considerably with increasing pressure, leading to strong Fe-enrichment in partial melts. It supports dense partial melts in a deep lower mantle, which migrate downward to the core mantle boundary (CMB).

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Effects of Earth's rotation on the early differentiation of a terrestrial magma ocean

Maas

Hansen

2015

JGR Solid Earth

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Similar to other terrestrial planets like Moon and Mars, Earth experienced a magma ocean period about 4.5 billion years ago. On Earth differentiation processes in the magma ocean set the initial conditions for core formation and mantle evolution. During the magma ocean period Earth was rotating significantly faster than today. Further, the viscosity of the magma was low, thus that planetary rotation potentially played an important role for differentiation. However, nearly all previous studies neglect rotational effects. All in all, our results suggest that planetary rotation plays an important role for magma ocean crystallization. We employ a 3‐D numerical model to study crystal settling in a rotating and vigorously convecting early magma ocean. We show that crystal settling in a terrestrial magma ocean is crucially affected by latitude as well as by rotational strength and crystal density. Due to rotation an inhomogeneous accumulation of crystals during magma ocean solidification with a distinct crystal settling between pole and equator could occur. One could speculate that this may have potentially strong effects on the magma ocean solidification time and the early mantle composition. It could support the development of a basal magma ocean and the formation of anomalies at the core‐mantle boundary in the equatorial region, reaching back to the time of magma ocean solidification.

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Experimental constraints on crystallization differentiation in a deep magma ocean

Cited by 91 publications

References 72 publications

Quantifying garnet-melt trace element partitioning using lattice-strain theory: assessment of statistically significant controls and a new predictive model

Quantifying garnet-melt trace element partitioning using lattice-strain theory: assessment of statistically significant controls and a new predictive model

Melting experiments on peridotite to lowermost mantle conditions

Effects of Earth's rotation on the early differentiation of a terrestrial magma ocean

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