Experimental configurations using optical phase modulation to measure chiral asymmetries in light specularly reflected from a naturally gyrotropic medium

Silverman, Mark P.; Ritchie, N. W. M.; Cushman, G. Mark; Fisher, Brent

doi:10.1364/josaa.5.001852

Cited by 64 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These physical interpretations are consistent with the heuristic hypothesis based on the Ewald-Osceen extinction theorem [11]. The analytical results are also consistent with measurements of the differential circular reflection conducted by Silverman et al [12,13] for normal to grazing incidence angles. The corresponding expression for the transmission matrix for the magnetic fields is [10]…”

Section: Harmonic Solutions For Fields Excited By Right and Left Circsupporting

confidence: 88%

Electromagnetic wave scattering from a rough interface above a chiral medium: generalized field transforms

Crittenden

Bahar

2013

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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In order to derive full-wave solutions for electromagnetic wave scattering from rough interfaces between achiral media (free space for instance) and chiral media that satisfy generalized constitutive relations, it is necessary to employ complete modal expansions for the electromagnetic fields above and below the interface. To this end, the familiar Fourier transforms of the fields are expressed as generalized field transforms consisting of the radiation term, the lateral waves, and the surface waves. Maxwell's equations are converted into generalized telegraphists' equations [in the companion paper (this issue), J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 30, 335 (2013)] upon the imposition of exact boundary conditions. These telegraphists' equations are coupled first-order differential equations for the forward- and backward-traveling wave amplitudes associated with all the different species of waves (radiation, lateral, and surface waves) excited at the surface of the chiral medium. The analysis presented here includes the completeness and orthogonal relations of the basis functions associated with the modal expansions. This work is used to distinguish between depolarization due to the chiral properties of the medium and depolarization due to surface irregularities. It has applications in remote sensing and identification of biological and chemical materials based on their optical activity.

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Section: Harmonic Solutions For Fields Excited By Right and Left Circsupporting

confidence: 88%

Electromagnetic wave scattering from a rough interface above a chiral medium: generalized field transforms

Crittenden

Bahar

2013

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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“…Many sensitive detection schemes are possible with this approach. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Some of these perform polarization modulation on the light that is incident on the sample; others modulate the sample-emerging light, by placing the polarization modulator between the sample and the detector. The resultant signal can be analyzed to yield sample-specific polarization properties that can then be linked to the quantities of interest.…”

Section: Stokes Vector Polarimetersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue polarimetry: concepts, challenges, applications, and outlook

2011

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Polarimetry has a long and successful history in various forms of clear media. Driven by their biomedical potential, the use of the polarimetric approaches for biological tissue assessment has also recently received considerable attention. Specifically, polarization can be used as an effective tool to discriminate against multiply scattered light (acting as a gating mechanism) in order to enhance contrast and to improve tissue imaging resolution. Moreover, the intrinsic tissue polarimetry characteristics contain a wealth of morphological and functional information of potential biomedical importance. However, in a complex random medium-like tissue, numerous complexities due to multiple scattering and simultaneous occurrences of many scattering and polarization events present formidable challenges both in terms of accurate measurements and in terms of analysis of the tissue polarimetry signal. In order to realize the potential of the polarimetric approaches for tissue imaging and characterization/diagnosis, a number of researchers are thus pursuing innovative solutions to these challenges. In this review paper, we summarize these and other issues pertinent to the polarized light methodologies in tissues. Specifically, we discuss polarized light basics, Stokes-Muller formalism, methods of polarization measurements, polarized light modeling in turbid media, applications to tissue imaging, inverse analysis for polarimetric results quantification, applications to quantitative tissue assessment, etc.

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“…The resultant linear birefringence induced in the quartz imparts a time-variable retardation between the components of the electric field of the transmitted beam that are perpendicular and parallel to the axis of modulation. 22 The magnitude of the maximum retardation, and thus the extreme polarization states furnished to the passing beam in an oscillation cycle, are selected by the user. Figure 1 illustrates the setup for the experiment.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for examining polarized light interactions with tissues and tissuelike media in the exact backscattering direction

Studinski

Vitkin

2000

J. Biomed. Opt.

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The properties of polarized light emerging from turbid media in the exact backscattering direction are studied by modulating the incident light polarization state and isolating the synchronous signal with lock-in amplifier detection. The results are reported for polystyrene microsphere suspensions in distilled water, with and without glucose, and for both ex vivo and in vivo biological tissues. A new theoretical formulation based on Mueller calculus is developed to describe the observed behavior of the backscattered light in terms of two sample parameters: optical rotation and depolarization. This technique proved successful in modeling both phantom and tissue samples. Results showed the presence of a significant surviving polarization fraction in the backscattering direction even in extremely dense optical phantom media, an important finding that has not been observed at other detection angles. Substantial polarized light preservation in biological tissue samples is also demonstrated for this detection geometry. This illustrates the potential of using polarized light to investigate turbid biological materials in vivo in retroreflection geometry.

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Experimental configurations using optical phase modulation to measure chiral asymmetries in light specularly reflected from a naturally gyrotropic medium

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Electromagnetic wave scattering from a rough interface above a chiral medium: generalized field transforms

Electromagnetic wave scattering from a rough interface above a chiral medium: generalized field transforms

Tissue polarimetry: concepts, challenges, applications, and outlook

Methodology for examining polarized light interactions with tissues and tissuelike media in the exact backscattering direction

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