Experimental concentration-time curves for the iron(II) sulphide precipitation process in aqueous solutions and their interpretation

Rickard, David

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(89)90066-1

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The first step in the formation of iron sulfides under hydrothermal conditions is the nucleation of a reduced short-range-ordered iron monosulfide that is generally believed to be a precursor to mackinawite (Davison 1991, Parise et al 1994, Rickard 1989, 1995, Schoonen & Barnes 1991. Subsequently, mackinawite itself serves as a precursor to the stable phase, pyrite.…”

Section: Precipitation and Transformation Of Iron Sulfides Under Redumentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Powder Crystallography With Synchrotron X-Ray Sources

Parise

Cahill

Lee

2000

The Canadian Mineralogist

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The increased brightness, tunability, low divergence and low emittance of X-ray beams available at synchrotron X-ray sources facilitate a variety of powder-diffraction experiments not practical using conventional in-house sources. Furthermore, the increased availability of fast position-sensitive detectors, along with implementation of improved software, make possible new classes of experiments. These include time-resolved powder-diffraction of phase transitions, precipitation, recrystallization and ion-exchange reactions. Examples of time-resolved studies that highlight some of these developments include: (1) observations of the phases forming during reaction under controlled hydrothermal conditions (e.g., FeS); (2) full Rietveld structure refinement using time-resolved data to determine the mechanism of ion exchange in zeolites. The advent of area detectors, commonly coupled with focusing optics at synchrotrons, will further increase the time resolution at the synchrotron, possibly leading to a data glut. Solutions are available now, and developments in the near term will allow semi-automatic decisions on which datasets to analyze amongst the thousands collected.Keywords: synchrotron radiation, crystallography, time-resolved studies, diffraction, scattering, high pressure, element partitioning, phase diagrams, ion-exchange reactions, energy-dispersive diffraction. SOMMAIRELa luminance accrue, la possibilité de syntoniser, la faible divergence et le faible pouvoir émissif des faisceaux de rayons X disponibles aux sources synchrotron permettent une série d'expériences en diffraction X sur poudres qui ne sont pas du tout pratiques avec les sources conventionnelles. De plus, la disponibilité accrue de détecteurs efficaces sensibles à la position et de logiciels améliorés rend possible de nouvelles sortes d'expériences. Par exemple, il est maintenant possible d'étudier par diffraction X sur poudres le progrès dans le temps d'une transition de phases, une précipitation, une recristallisation, et une réaction d'échange ionique. Nous décrivons les exemples suivants pour souligner certains de ces développements: (1) observations des phases apparaissant au cours d'une réaction hydrothermale sous conditions controlées, impliquant par exemple FeS; (2) affinement complet d'une structure par la méthode de Rietveld en utilisant des données échelonnées dans le temps pour étudier le mécanisme d'échange ionique dans les zéolites. L'installation de détecteurs à aire, couplée en général avec une focalisation optique dans le circuit d'un synchrotron, augmenteront surement la résolution temporelle dans de telles expériences, menant nécessairement à un surplus de données. Nous avons déjà des solutions à ce problème, et des développements dans un futur rapproché permettront des décisions semi-automatiques à propos de quels prélèvements de données sont à retenir pour analyse, parmi les milliers qui sont enregistrés.(Traduit par la Rédaction)Mots-clés: rayonnement synchrotron, cristallographie, résolution temporelle, diffractio...

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Section: Precipitation and Transformation Of Iron Sulfides Under Redumentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Powder Crystallography With Synchrotron X-Ray Sources

Parise

Cahill

Lee

2000

The Canadian Mineralogist

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“…FeS ages to mackinawite (Berner, 1964;Rickard, 1989; Lennie and Vaughan,436 1996; Benning et al, 2000) and this ageing is observed in the blank 437 experiments with excess sulfide (2e and 4e, Tables 1 and 2). However, in all 438 other experiments, this ageing was not observed.…”

Section: Implications 430 431mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of arsenic on iron sulfide transformations

2007

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“…These MS aq clusters form rapidly; e.g, after addition of sulfide to a metal ion the reaction is complete within 5 s. or less. The kinetics and mechanism of mackinawite formation in aqueous solutions at low temperatures has been studied by (Rickard, 1989(Rickard, , 1995 The rate constant for formation of the inner sphere complexes during the formation of FeS with millimolar solutions of reactants is >10 7 M )1 s )1 . Similar experiments with millimolar solutions of Zn(II) with sulfide were unsuccessful because the rates were much greater than for Fe(II).…”

Section: Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erratum

2005

J Nanopart Res

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Aqueous clusters of FeS, ZnS and CuS constitute a major fraction of the dissolved metal load in anoxic oceanic, sedimentary, freshwater and deep ocean vent environments. Their ubiquity explains how metals are transported in anoxic environmental systems. Thermodynamic and kinetic considerations show that they have high stability in oxic aqueous environments, and are also a significant fraction of the total metal load in oxic river waters. Molecular modeling indicates that the clusters are very similar to the basic structural elements of the first condensed phase forming from aqueous solutions in the Fe-S, Zn-S and Cu-S systems. The structure of the first condensed phase is determined by the structure of the cluster in solution. This provides an alternative explanation of Ostwald's Rule, where the most soluble, metastable phases form before the stable phases. For example, in the case of FeS, we showed that the first condensed phase is nanoparticulate, metastable mackinawite with a particle size of 2 nm consisting of about 150 FeS subunits, representing the end of a continuum between aqueous FeS clusters and condensed material. These metal sulfide clusters and nanoparticles are significant in biogeochemistry. Metal sulfide clusters reduce sulfide and metal toxicity and help drive ecology. FeS cluster formation drives vent ecology and AgS cluster formation detoxifies Ag in Daphnia magna neonates. We also note a new reaction between FeS and DNA and discuss the potential role of FeS clusters in denaturing DNA.

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Experimental concentration-time curves for the iron(II) sulphide precipitation process in aqueous solutions and their interpretation

Cited by 57 publications

References 8 publications

Dynamic Powder Crystallography With Synchrotron X-Ray Sources

Dynamic Powder Crystallography With Synchrotron X-Ray Sources

Influence of arsenic on iron sulfide transformations

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