Experimental comparison of ketamine with a combination of ketamine, butorphanol and medetomidine for general anaesthesia of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L.)

Leeuw, A. N. S. de; Forrester, Guy; Spyvee, P. D.; Brash, Matt; Delahay, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/s1090-0233(03)00113-8

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…On first capture within a trapping session, badgers were immobilised with an intramuscular injection of medetomidine, ketamine and butorphanol (de Leeuw et al . ). To minimise stress (Montes et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ranging behaviour of badgersMeles melesvaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin

Woodroffe

Donnelly

Ham

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Because biological systems are complex, management interventions occasionally have unintended adverse consequences. For example, attempts to control bovine tuberculosis (TB) by culling badgers Meles meles have, under some circumstances, inadvertently increased cattle TB risks. Such harmful effects occur because culling profoundly alters badger movement behaviour, increasing pathogen transmission both between badgers and from badgers to cattle. It has recently been suggested that another TB management tool, badger vaccination with Bacillus Calmette Guerin, might provoke similar behavioural changes and hence similar harmful effects for cattle. We therefore took advantage of an existing project, which monitored 54 GPS‐collared badgers across four study sites in southwest Britain, to explore whether vaccination, or live trapping to administer vaccine, influenced badger movement behaviour. We detected no significant effects of either vaccination or trapping on badgers’ monthly home range size, nightly distance travelled, or frequency of trespassing in neighbouring territories. The estimated effect of vaccination on badger home range size [2% reduction, 95% confidence interval (CI) 18% reduction – 17% increase] was statistically non‐significant, but significantly smaller than that associated with both widespread (180% increase, 95% CI 70–362% increase; P < 0·001) and localised badger culling (74% increase, 95% CI 4–191% increase; P = 0·038). Synthesis and applications. In contrast with culling, live trapping and vaccinating badgers did not measurably alter their movement behaviour, fuelling optimism that vaccination might contribute positively to cattle tuberculosis control. Our study illustrates how existing monitoring can be exploited to assess potentially adverse effects of wildlife management.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ranging behaviour of badgersMeles melesvaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin

Woodroffe

Donnelly

Ham

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study area consists of a mosaic of largely deciduous woodland and pasture (see [14] for detailed composition). During routine capture-markrecapture exercises [15] in January 2012, an adult female European badger (Meles meles) with a body mass of 9.0 kg was captured in a steel mesh live-trap and transferred to an examination facility where it was anaesthetised by intramuscular administration of two parts butorphanol tartrate (Torbugesic ® , Wyeth, Ontario, Canada), two parts ketamine hydrochloride (Ketaset ® , Wyeth, Ontario, Canada) and one part medetomidine (Domitor ® , Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland) [16]. Samples of faeces, urine, and tracheal and oesophageal aspirate were collected for mycobacterial culture [17], and a sample of jugular blood was taken for gamma interferon (IFNγ ) [18] testing and STAT-PAK serological assay (BrockTB STAT-PAK ® ; Chembio Diagnostic Systems, New York, USA) [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour-time budget and functional habitat use of a free-ranging European badger(Meles meles)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The European badger (Meles meles) is involved in the maintenance of bovine tuberculosis infection and onward spread to cattle. However, little is known about how transmission occurs. One possible route could be through direct contact between infected badgers and cattle. It is also possible that indirect contact between cattle and infected badger excretory products such as faeces or urine may occur either on pasture or within and around farm buildings. A better understanding of behaviour patterns in wild badgers may help to develop biosecurity measures to minimise direct and indirect contact between badgers and cattle. However, monitoring the behaviour of free-ranging badgers can be logistically challenging and labour intensive due to their nocturnal and semi-fossorial nature. We trialled a GPS and tri-axial accelerometer-equipped collar on a free-ranging badger to assess its potential value to elucidate behaviour-time budgets and functional habitat use. Results: During the recording period between 16:00 and 08:00 on a single night, resting was the most commonly identified behaviour (67.4%) followed by walking (20.9%), snuffling (9.5%) and trotting (2.3%). When examining accelerometer data associated with each GPS fix and habitat type (occurring 2 min 30 s before and after), walking was the most common behaviour in woodland (40.3%) and arable habitats (53.8%), while snuffling was the most common behaviour in pasture (61.9%). Several nocturnal resting periods were also observed. The total distance travelled was 2.28 km. Conclusions:In the present report, we demonstrate proof of principle in the application of a combined GPS and accelerometer device to collect detailed quantitative data on wild badger behaviour. Behaviour-time budgets allow us to investigate how badgers allocate energy to different activities and how this might change with disease status. Such information could be useful in the development of measures to reduce opportunities for onward transmission of bovine tuberculosis from badgers to cattle.

show abstract

“…All active setts in the study area were trapped at least twice a year, other than in 2007 when a foot and mouth disease outbreak prevented the second trapping operation from taking place (Table S1). Each badger was anaesthetised by intra-muscular injection of a combination of ketamine hydrochloride (100 mg ml −1 , Vetalar ™ V, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Crawley, UK), medetomidine hydrochloride (1 mg ml −1 , Domitor ®, Pfizer, Sandwich, UK) and butorphanol tartrate (10 mg ml −1 , Torbugesic ®, Fort Dodge Animal Health Ltd, Southampton, UK) at a ratio of 2∶1∶2 by volume respectively [37]. This was supplemented with inhalant isoflurane when necessary.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wildlife is a global source of endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in Britain and Ireland is hindered by persistent infection in wild badgers (Meles meles). Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce the severity and progression of experimentally induced TB in captive badgers. Analysis of data from a four-year clinical field study, conducted at the social group level, suggested a similar, direct protective effect of BCG in a wild badger population. Here we present new evidence from the same study identifying both a direct beneficial effect of vaccination in individual badgers and an indirect protective effect in unvaccinated cubs. We show that intramuscular injection of BCG reduced by 76% (Odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.52) the risk of free-living vaccinated individuals testing positive to a diagnostic test combination to detect progressive infection. A more sensitive panel of tests for the detection of infection per se identified a reduction of 54% (Odds ratio = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.88) in the risk of a positive result following vaccination. In addition, we show the risk of unvaccinated badger cubs, but not adults, testing positive to an even more sensitive panel of diagnostic tests decreased significantly as the proportion of vaccinated individuals in their social group increased (Odds ratio = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.76; P = 0.03). When more than a third of their social group had been vaccinated, the risk to unvaccinated cubs was reduced by 79% (Odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.81; P = 0.02).

show abstract

Experimental comparison of ketamine with a combination of ketamine, butorphanol and medetomidine for general anaesthesia of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L.)

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Ranging behaviour of badgersMeles melesvaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin

Ranging behaviour of badgersMeles melesvaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin

Behaviour-time budget and functional habitat use of a free-ranging European badger(Meles meles)

BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About