Experimental comparison of hydrothermal and vapothermal carbonization

Funke, Axel; Reebs, Felix; Kruse, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.04.020

Cited by 85 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The results concerning the occurrence of a hydrochar related peak in TGA are in accordance of a study, which shows DTG curves of the products of reaction pathway A and B shown in Figure 1 [7]. In the case of lignocellulosic materials, the complex structure leads to a decrease in hydrolysis rate, especially because lignin shield cellulose from hydrolysis ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In Figure 1 this carbon-rich material is typically called "coke", because of its formation via polymerization like coke in high-temperature dry conversions. On the other hand, the second pathway B (Figure 1) is a solid-to-solid conversion similar to charring phenomena found in dry conversions (mainly at low-temperature) [6,7]. The product of HTC, however it is formed, is usually called hydrochar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Properties of Hydrochar as Function of Feedstock, Reaction Conditions and Post-Treatment

Kruse

Zevaco

2018

Energies

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology to convert wet biomass into carbon-rich materials. Until now, the chemical processes occurring and their influence on the product properties are not well understood. Therefore, a target-oriented production of materials with defined properties is difficult, if not impossible. Here, model compounds such as cellulose and lignin, as well as different definite biomasses such as straw and beech wood are converted by hydrothermal carbonization. Following this, thermogravimetic (TGA) and FTIR measurements are used to get information about chemical structure and thermal properties of the related hydrochars. Some of the isolated materials are thermally post-treated (490 • C and 700 • C) and analyzed. The results show that at "mild" HTC conversion, the cellulose part in a lignocellulose matrix is not completely carbonized and there is still cellulose present. Thermal post-treatment makes the properties of product materials more similar and shows complete carbonization with increase aromatic cross-linking, proven by TGA and FTIR results.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Properties of Hydrochar as Function of Feedstock, Reaction Conditions and Post-Treatment

Kruse

Zevaco

2018

Energies

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“…Reaction temperatures must be selected to optimize the overall energy balance (Funke et al, 2013) as well as to tune the char yield and/or composition. Gao et al (2012) and Sevilla and Fuertes (2009a) showed that properties, such as particle size and yield of the hydrothermal char product are dependent on the reaction temperature.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of subcritical and supercritical water conditions for extraction, hydrolysis, gasification, and carbonization of biomass: a critical review

et al. 2017

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Please cite this article as: Lachos-Perez D., Brown A.B., Mudhoo A., Martinez J., Timko M.T., Rostagno M.A., Forster-Carneiro T. Subcritical and supercritical water extraction, hydrolysis, gasification and carbonization of biomass: a critical review. Biofuel Research Journal 14 (2017) HIGHLIGHTSØAdvances of research trends in development of subcritical and supercritical water processes technologies are reviewed.Essential aspects of sub-and supercritical water applied to extraction, hydrolysis, carbonization and gasification processes are discussed. ØEquipment design, process parameters, and types of biomass used for sub-and supercritical water process are presented. ØBioactive compounds, reducing sugars, hydrogen, biodiesel, and hydrothermal char are the final products of sub-and supercritical water processes. This review summarizes the recent essential aspects of subcritical and supercritical water technology applied to the extraction, hydrolysis, carbonization, and gasification processes. These are clean and fast technologies which do not need pretreatment, require less reaction time, generate less corrosion and residues, do not use toxic solvents, and reduce the synthesis of degradation byproducts. The equipment design, process parameters, and types of biomass used for subcritical and supercritical water process are presented. The benefits of catalysis to improve process efficiency are addressed. Bioactive compounds, reducing sugars, hydrogen, biodiesel, and hydrothermal char are the final products of subcritical and supercritical water processes. The present review also revisits advances of the research trends in the development of subcritical and supercritical water process technologies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

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“…The two main methods of mild pyrolysis include dry and wet torrefaction. Both processes produce a hydrophobic, homogenized, carbon rich, and energy-dense solid fuel from lignocellulosic biomass, while enhancing the physical properties, durability and hygroscopic characteristics [8][9][10][11][12]. Both wet and dry torrefied products show closer characterization to coal during combustion and gasification processes in comparison to raw biomass [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviewing recent WT research reveals that there is a large discrepancy in the processing conditions of the WT reaction. In some cases the reactor is pre-pressurized to ensure that the water present in the reactor remains in a liquid state for the entire process [8,30], whereas in other cases the reactor is not pre-pressurized and therefore left autogenic, causing water to convert to a vapor during the process [31,32]. Therefore, this paper will also review available literature on the WT process in order to identify the two different methods used for the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%