Experimental Cholera in the Rabbit Ligated Ileal Loop: Toxin-induced Water and Ion Movement

Leitch, Gordon J.; Iwert, Marian E.; Burrows, William

doi:10.1093/infdis/116.3.303

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The inhibition of both processes by the serosal application of the stilbene SITS (White, 1980;Imon & White, 1981) Cl--HCO3-exchange mechanism like that in erythrocytes (Cabantchik & Rothstein, 1972). If the anion fluxes are linked in this way then inhibition of HCO3--dependent Cl-absorption by theophylline ( Leitch & Burrows, 1968;Norris et al 1969;Moore et al 1971) which is reduced by administration of acetazolamide (Leitch, Iwert & Burrows, 1966;Norris et al 1969). This was not demonstrable in in vitro mammalian small intestine (Field, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of theophylline on intestinal bicarbonate transport measured by pH stat in Amphiuma.

Imon¹,

White²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The influence of theophylline on the mucosa to serosa and serosa to mucosa fluxes of HCO3-were measured by the pH stat technique in isolated segments of proximal small intestine from Amphiuma maintained under short-circuited conditions. The mucosal or serosal fluid was exposed to media containing 25 mM-HCO3-(pH 7 4) while the pH of unbuffered media in the opposite compartment was maintained by addition of acid.2. Theophylline significantly increased the secretary flux ofHCO3-and significantly reduced the absorptive flux when measured in Cl--free (SO42-) media.3. In normal media theophylline did not alter the secretary flux but significantly lowered the absorptive flux of HCO3-.4. Acetazolamide (041 mM) inhibited the theophylline-stimulated secretary flux of HCO3-and reduced the effect of theophylline on the absorptive flux.5. In normal intestine there was an inequality between the secretary or absorptive HCO3-flux and the short-circuit current (IS) consistent with the presence of Clabsorption. After addition of theophylline the ISc was more nearly equal to the net secretary or absorptive HCO3-flux.6. Exogenous cyclic AMP had effects identical with theophylline. 7. The results provide strong evidence that elevation of cyclic AMP stimulates net HCO3-secretion in urodele small intestine and provide indirect evidence that Clabsorption is simultaneously reduced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of theophylline on intestinal bicarbonate transport measured by pH stat in Amphiuma.

Imon¹,

White²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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“…When the intestine is exposed in vivo to cholera toxin enhanced intestinal HCO3-secretion occurs (Carpenter, Sack, Feeley & Steenberg, 1968;Moore, Bieberdorf, Morawski, Finkelstein & Fordtran, 1971;Hubel, 1974) which can be reduced by acetazolamide (Leitch, Iwert & Burrows, 1966; Norris, Curran & Schultz, 1969). In contrast, when isolated from the animal the typical response of mammalian small intestine to agents which elevate intracellular cyclic AMP is inhibition of Clabsorption and stimulation of Cl-secretion (Field, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride transport and intracellular chloride activity in the presence of theophylline in Amphiuma small intestine.

White¹

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Simultaneous bidirectional tracer fluxes of 22Na and 36C1 were measured under short-circuited conditions in isolated stripped segments of Amphiuma duodenum incubated in media containing Cl-and HCO3-.2. Theophylline (10 mM) increased the short-circuit current (IC), eliminated net Clabsorption and elevated the residual flux by more than 50 %.3. Subsequent addition of acetazolamide lowered the I., and reduced the residual flux.4. Using double-barrelled Cl--specific micro-electrodes the intracellular activity of Cl-averaged 2741 mm in the presence of theophylline, consistent with active accumulation of Cl-.5. Theophylline depolarized the mucosal membrane of villus epithelial cells by an average of 6-9 mV.6. These findings indicate that the inhibition ofCl-absorption by theophylline does not result from complete inhibition of mucosal Cl-uptake and provide evidence that HC03-secretion is enhanced by theophylline.

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“…INTRODUCTION The metabolic consequences of diarrhea in human cholera (2)(3)(4)(5) are well known and many pathophysiological features of the disease can be reproduced in animal models (6)(7)(8)(9). However, the source of this diarrheal fluid within the human intestinal tract is unknown, although Greenough (10) has previously demonstrated that a significant portion of the fluid loss in human cholera was generated above the upper portion of the jejunum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial acute jejunal or ileal studies were arbitrarily defined as those performed within 48 hr of admission and additional repeat acute studies were obtained later during the phase of diarrhea (day 2-4) either by withdrawing the tube from the ileum manually by applying gentle traction for 20-40 min to relocate the perfusion system in the jejunum or, alternatively, by allowing the tube to advance with balloon inflated from jejunum to ileum .After deflating the balloon, a 60 min equilibration period was allowed in all studies before sampling intestinal fluid. (b) Early convalescent studies (day [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], 15 jejunal and four ileal studies, were performed on 16 patients. In all but four cases who were perfused during day 4-6 diarrhea had ceased at the time the early convalescent study was performed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport in human cholera

Banwell¹,

Pierce²,

Mitra³

et al. 1970

J. Clin. Invest.

139

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A B S T R A C T The site, nature, magnitude, and duration of fluid and electrolyte loss into the small intestine during the acute and recovery phase of human cholera was defined in 27 Indian patients. 11 subjects without cholera served as controls. The marker perfusion technique employed was shown, in preliminary experiments, to measure accurately jejunal and ileal fluid and electrolyte transmucosal transport rates under conditions of cholera diarrhea. Fluid loss into the lumen occurred from jejunal and ileal mucosa. The fluid was isotonic in both regions. Bicarbonate concentration was significantly higher in ileal than jejunal fluid during all phases of the disease. Bicarbonate concentration in both regions was significantly higher in acute cholera than during convalescence. Fluid loss into the intestinal lumen ranged from 0.07 to 10.9 ml/hr per cm. Losses were significantly greater from jejunum than ileum. Net ileal absorption was recorded in five of 10 acute cholera studies. During the acute phase of the disease, net jejunal fluid transport showed a positive correlation with fasting intestinal flow rate and stool output. Stool output was also positively correlated with jejunal fasting intestinal flow rates. Recovery of normal fluid and electrolyte absorptive function was usually complete in both jejunum and ileum by the sixth day after admission.These findings in human cholera validate the animal models of choleraic diarrhea and suggest that similar measurements of small intestinal secretory function in other nonspecific diarrheal diseases using the marker perfusion technique may be rewarding.A preliminary report of this study has already been presented (1).

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Experimental Cholera in the Rabbit Ligated Ileal Loop: Toxin-induced Water and Ion Movement

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of theophylline on intestinal bicarbonate transport measured by pH stat in Amphiuma.

The effect of theophylline on intestinal bicarbonate transport measured by pH stat in Amphiuma.

Chloride transport and intracellular chloride activity in the presence of theophylline in Amphiuma small intestine.

Intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport in human cholera

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