Experimental characterization of the body-coupled communications channel

Schenk, T.C.W.; Mazloum, Nafiseh Seyed; Tan, Le Thanh; Rutten, Paul

doi:10.1109/iswcs.2008.4726053

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The other option is using a sensor with very high input impedance to detect small displacement currents [50,79]. We refer the reader to additional literature on the various aspects of grounding [68,100,176,202].…”

Section: Sensitivity To Groundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equivalent circuit models can quickly become more complex when environmental effects, such as grounding [34] or wet skin [227] are considered. Several papers have shown that the human body reacts similarly to different frequencies [7,22,100], though Schenk et al point out that it is hard to obtain such data with statistical significance [176]. There are no indications that the electric fields typically used in capacitive sensing systems have adverse effects on users' health [71,235].…”

Section: Modeling and Physical Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finding Common Ground

Große-Puppendahl

Holz

Cohn

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

160

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For more than two decades, capacitive sensing has played a prominent role in human-computer interaction research. Capacitive sensing has become ubiquitous on mobile, wearable, and stationary devices-enabling fundamentally new interaction techniques on, above, and around them. The research community has also enabled human position estimation and whole-body gestural interaction in instrumented environments. However, the broad field of capacitive sensing research has become fragmented by different approaches and terminology used across the various domains. This paper strives to unify the field by advocating consistent terminology and proposing a new taxonomy to classify capacitive sensing approaches. Our extensive survey provides an analysis and review of past research and identifies challenges for future work. We aim to create a common understanding within the field of human-computer interaction, for researchers and practitioners alike, and to stimulate and facilitate future research in capacitive sensing.

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Section: Sensitivity To Groundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling and Physical Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Common Ground

Große-Puppendahl

Holz

Cohn

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For galvanic coupling, these electrodes need to be placed on the skin directly. For capacitive coupling, there is no need for a direct human skin contact [17], unless, then close proximity of the coupler to the body is required. These electrodes can be structured horizontally or vertically where the spacing between them is filled with a dielectric material.…”

Section: The Body Couple Communication (Bcc) Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until unless there are scenarios where information is shared amid people via physical contact. These are very diverse applications and each of these have very [20] and second intrabody communication. The division between interbody and intrabody is the most fundamental differentiator for technical reasons for connecting devices by traversing two people is technically harder to achieve with reasonable performance.…”

Section: How Can Body Coupled Communications Be Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review of the Human Body as a Communication Medium using RedTacton

Perwej¹

2016

CAE

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At present many technologies for networking are known and are in use. These technologies connect people, objects and other networks together so as to dispense data and thus make information ready for access. In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of dispensing data. In this paper, we introduce novel networking technology called RedTacton was announced by NTT labs from Japan in 2005, which makes use of human body surface as communication medium when exchanging data among people, objects and networks. The RedTacton takes a different technical viewpoint. Instead of relying on electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data, RedTacton uses feeble electric fields on the surface of the body as a transmission medium. Electricfield communication is dissimilar from orthodox wireless or infrared communication which simply does not rely on electromagnetic or light wave to transmit data because it uses the electric field procreate on the surface of the human body. This is mainly developed to conquer an interposing of unwanted signal in intensive places has become a major issue and the better solution to this can be, a human body functioning as non-stop transmitter and receiver. The RedTacton communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or toes. Red Tacton can be used in any media including water, glass, wood, shoes and clothing as well etc. The electric field/Photonics method employed by Red Tacton is preferable to conventional methods in terms of communication distance, speed, and interactivity. In this paper, I will discuss about RedTacton, and it's working states, body coupled communications, transceiver and applications of RedTacton in various fields.

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“…According to their measurements, human body behaves as a single-pole high pass filter with cut-off frequency at 4 MHz and above 10 MHz the behavior of human body changes with frequency and distance. Schenk [15] of Philips research group presented comprehensive experimental measurement results for capacitive BCC channel as a function of different electrode configurations, human subjects and test conditions using battery operated transmitter/receiver and portable measuring instruments. Their experimental results show that the worst case body attenuation could be 80 dB for given configuration/scenario in the frequency region of 100 kHz to 60 MHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

Kazim

2015

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Capacitive body coupled communication (BCC), frequency range 500 kHz to 15 MHz 1 , is considered an emerging alternate short range wireless technology which can meet the stringent low power consumption (< 1 mW) 2 and low data rate (< 100 kbps) 3 requirements for the next generation of connected devices for applications like internet-of-things (IoT) and wireless sensor network (WSN). But a reliable solution for this mode of communication covering all possible body positions and maximum communication distances around the human body could not be presented so far, despite its inception around 20 years back in 1995. The uncertainties/errors associated with experimental measurement setup create ambiguity about the measured propagation loss or transmission errors. The reason is the usage of either earth grounded lab instruments or the direct coupling of earth ground with transmitter/receiver or the analog front end cut-off frequency limitations in a few MHz region or the balun to provide isolation or the measurements on simplified homogeneous biological phantoms. Another source of ambiguity in the experimental measurements is attributed to the natural variations in human tissue electrophysiological properties from person to person which are also affected by physical factors like age, gender, number of cells at different body locations and humidity. The analytical models presented in the literature are also oversimplified which do not predict the true propagation loss for capacitive BCC channel.An attempt is being made to understand and demonstrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the physical phenomenon of signal transmission and propagation characteristics e.g., path loss in complex scenarios for capacitive BCC channel by both the experimental observations/measurements and simulation models in this PhD dissertation. An alternate system design simulation methodology has been proposed which estimates the realistic path loss even for longer communication distances > 50 cm for capacitive BCC channel. The proposed simulation methodology allows to vary human tissue dielectric/thickness properties and easily integrates with the circuit simulators as the output is in the form of S-parameters. The advantage is that the capacitive BCC channel characteristics e.g., signal attenuation as a function of different physical factors could be readily simulated at the circuit level to choose appropriate circuit topology and define suitable system specifications. This simulation methodology is based on full-wave electromagnetic analysis and 3D modeling of human body and environment using their conductivity, permittivity, and tangent loss profile to estimate the realistic propagation loss or path loss due to their combined interaction with the electrode coupler for capacitive BCC channel. This methodology estimates the complex path impedance from transmitter to receiver which is important to determine the matching requirements for maximum power transfer. The simulation methodology also contributes towards better understanding of...

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Experimental characterization of the body-coupled communications channel

Cited by 55 publications

References 11 publications

Finding Common Ground

Finding Common Ground

A Literature Review of the Human Body as a Communication Medium using RedTacton

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

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