Experimental Characterization of Power Efficiency for Power-Limited SDM Submarine Transmission Systems

Downie, John D.; Hurley, Jason; Liang, Xiaojun; Himmelreich, James; Srinivas, Hrishikesh; Perin, Jose Krause; Mello, Darli A. A.; Kahn, Joseph M.

doi:10.1109/ecoc48923.2020.9333332

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…5(b) plots the PSD at each EDFA input versus wavelength for the OPT, CSNR, and CIP allocations. We note that the input PSD for CSNR has the same wavelength profile as the ASE noise, the CIP allocation is flat, while the OPT PSD is shaped as the inverse of the EDFA gain, as noted below (18).…”

Section: Snr Instead Has Normally a Decreasing Behavior Versus Xmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The remaining curves, to be derived later, refer to the CG link in [1]. The figure anticipates the slight AIR superiority (at equal EDFA pump) of the optimized CPSD link over the CG link, mostly visible at the lowest pumps below 50mW, i.e., those of most interest for SDM submarine links [18].…”

Section: Snr Instead Has Normally a Decreasing Behavior Versus Xmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The positivity constraint on the {Q k } is automatically guaranteed by the form of the solution. To solve (18) for the unknowns Q, the following recursion at epoch i = 1, 2, .... (based on the assumption that ( 18) is a contraction map) always worked for us:…”

Section: A Air Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A State-Variable Approach to Submarine Links Capacity Optimization

Bononi

Serena

Antona³

2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We consider the capacity optimization of submarine links when including a realistic model of the gain-flattened constant-pump erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). While Perin et al. [1] numerically attacked this optimization for Constant-Gain (CG) amplified links, we extend the analysis also to more realistic submarine constant power-spectral-density (CPSD) links. As in [1], we concentrate on a single spatial mode of a spatial division multiplexed (SDM) link at low EDFA pump power Pp, and thus consider only the impairments of amplified spontaneous emission noise. Here we adopt a novel semi-analytical approach which consists of fixing the inversion x1 of the first EDFA (the state-variable of the link) and analytically finding capacity C(x1) by searching over the x1−feasible input wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) PSD distributions. Then the optimum inversion x1 that maximizes C(x1) is numerically obtained. This approach enables us to get both approximate (for CG links) and exact (for CPSD links) capacity-maximizing WDM input distributions, which vary inversely with the EDFA gain profile. For CG links the optimal WDM allocation is called the gain-shaped water-filling. Other practical allocations are analyzed, such as the signal to noise ratio equalizing allocation (CSNR), and the constant input power (CIP) allocation which uses a flat WDM distribution. We find that, for typical submarine span attenuations around 10dB and when the link works at the optimal inversion x1, CIP and CSNR achieve essentially the same capacity as the optimal allocation. At sufficiently large pump Pp ( 30 mW) the optimal inversion x1 is such that the EDFA gain at 1538nm equals the span attenuation, for EDFA emission and absorption as in [1]. When span attenuations increase to 20dB, then we start seeing an advantage of the optimal allocation. Another key finding is that optimized CG and CPSD links behave roughly the same, with a slightly superior capacity for CPSD.

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Section: Snr Instead Has Normally a Decreasing Behavior Versus Xmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Snr Instead Has Normally a Decreasing Behavior Versus Xmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A State-Variable Approach to Submarine Links Capacity Optimization

Bononi

Serena

Antona³

2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…A different approach to droop behavior known as the generalized droop (GD) model was then proposed by several groups in which droop is included for all noise terms as well as the signal and the droop framework is applied on a spanby-span basis [16,17,[19][20][21][22]. Experimental transmission results with excellent agreement with the GD model have been demonstrated several times [16,[23][24][25][26]. When the GD model is applied in the study of power efficiency, optimal SNR values maximizing PE are different from the first droop model of [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the GD model is applied in the study of power efficiency, optimal SNR values maximizing PE are different from the first droop model of [14,15]. While first illustrated for the EDFA output power metric [16,20], the GD model has also been applied to study power efficiency using optical pump power consumed in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) as a closer measure of electrical power [17,24,25,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-efficient undersea SDM systems

Downie

2023

Next-Generation Optical Communication: Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems XII

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Undersea submarine cable transmission systems are characterized by fixed and limited electrical power supplies. Electrical power is provided by a DC voltage applied across the cable from power feed equipment (PFE) located at the terminal ends and is used to power all optical amplifiers throughout the entire link which may be many thousands of kilometers. Because of the limited nature of electrical power, the concept of power efficiency is very important. In fact, power efficiency drives the recent design trend in undersea systems to spatial division multiplexing (SDM), increasing fiber counts in submarine cables. We examine here efficiency maximization via system modeling primarily with respect to the optimal generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR). We explore dependences on system aspects such as capacity metric, link length, span loss, and fiber attenuation. We compare three different measures of efficiency based on total amplifier optical output power, total pump power, and overall cable capacity predicted by application of a pump sharing model and the resulting electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency levels predicted. Several capacity metrics are also studied and compared ranging from the theoretical Shannon capacity limit to a fitting of a real-time transponder. We evaluate optimal link GSNR values that maximize the various efficiency definitions as a function of link length, as well as optimal span loss values for a fixed link distance.

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A Study of Power Efficiency Maximization in Submarine Cable Systems

Downie

Liang

2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Experimental Characterization of Power Efficiency for Power-Limited SDM Submarine Transmission Systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

A State-Variable Approach to Submarine Links Capacity Optimization

A State-Variable Approach to Submarine Links Capacity Optimization

Power-efficient undersea SDM systems

A Study of Power Efficiency Maximization in Submarine Cable Systems

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