Experimental Challenge of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and “Brachyspira suanatina” Isolated from Pigs and Mallards

Jansson, Désirée S.; Råsbäck, Thérése; Fellström, Claes; Feinstein, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.03.007

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Genes encoding components of a T3SS and putative cytotoxin genes have been reported for Brachyspira (5,56). Effacement of microvilli was observed in addition to shrunken cytoplasm, intracellular vacuolation, and cell sloughing, which are indicative of apoptosis; these findings are consistent with histopathological studies of tissues from infected birds (23,48). Moreover, chromatin condensation was noted, which has been observed in infected avian tissues and human colorectal cell (Caco-2) monolayers (40), and genes encoding ankyrin proteins, which bind host cell chromatin, have been identified in Brachyspira (5).…”

Section: Vol 77 2011supporting

confidence: 83%

Lactobacilli Antagonize the Growth, Motility, and Adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a Potential Intervention against Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis

Mappley

Tchórzewska

Cooley

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum of poultry by pathogenic Brachyspira species. The number of cases of AIS has increased since the 2006 European Union ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, which, together with emerging antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira, has driven renewed interest in alternative intervention strategies. Probiotics have been reported as protecting livestock against infection with common enteric pathogens, and here we investigate which aspects of the biology of Brachyspira they antagonize in order to identify possible interventions against AIS. The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of two Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus reuteri LM1 and Lactobacillus salivarius LM2, suppressed the growth of Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 in a pH-dependent manner. In in vitro adherence and invasion assays with HT29-16E three-dimensional (3D) cells and in a novel avian cecal in vitro organ culture (IVOC) model, the adherence and invasion of B. pilosicoli in epithelial cells were reduced significantly by the presence of lactobacilli (P < 0.001). In addition, live and heat-inactivated lactobacilli inhibited the motility of B. pilosicoli, and electron microscopic observations indicated that contact between the lactobacilli and Brachyspira was crucial in inhibiting both adherence and motility. These data suggest that motility is essential for B. pilosicoli to adhere to and invade the gut epithelium and that any interference of motility may be a useful tool for the development of control strategies.Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) is recognized worldwide as an enteric disease that affects layer and broiler breeder chickens, leading to clinical enteritis and reduced performance (52). The disease results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum by the fastidious anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira. Clinical symptoms of AIS include reduced egg production with delayed onset of laying, chronic diarrhea with fecal staining of eggs, weight loss, and increased flock morbidity rates (7,49). Currently, Brachyspira alvinipulli, B. intermedia, and B. pilosicoli are considered pathogenic to poultry (20,50,51). However, other Brachyspira species have been isolated from poultry with decreased egg production (8). Although the mechanisms of pathogenesis are unclear, colonization of poultry, swine, and humans by B. pilosicoli is characterized by its ability to form end-on attachments to the intestinal epithelial surface and to invade the surface epithelium (18,24,25).In the United Kingdom, the incidence of Brachyspira in commercial and free-range flocks has been estimated at 74% and

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Section: Vol 77 2011supporting

confidence: 83%

Lactobacilli Antagonize the Growth, Motility, and Adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a Potential Intervention against Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis

Mappley

Tchórzewska

Cooley

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A number of studies have been focused on the isolation of B. hyodysenteriae and other spirochaetes from birds with the aim of determining if they constitute a source of infection for production animals and humans [21,23,61,62,63,64,65,66]. Taken together, their results strongly support the conclusion that intestinal spirochaetes are commonly found in the wild-living water-bird species analysed (principally mallards).…”

Section: Environmental Determinants Of Sd Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Despite the fact that B. hyodysenteriae is frequently isolated from birds the clinical significance of the bacteria in non-porcine species remains somewhat unclear [67,68,69]. Colonization most likely does not cause clinical disease signs in mallards and some degree of host adaptation occurs according to Jansson and colleagues [65]. It is worth mentioning that experimental challenges carried out with B. hyodysenteriae isolates from birds have failed to infect pigs [23,70].…”

Section: Environmental Determinants Of Sd Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease

Álvarez‐Ordóñez

Martínez-Lobo

Argüello

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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Swine Dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorhagic enteric disease of pigs caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which has a large impact on pig production and causes important losses due to mortality and sub-optimal performance. Although B. hyodysenteriae has been traditionally considered a pathogen mainly transmitted by direct contact, through the introduction of subclinically infected animals into a previously uninfected herd, recent findings position B. hyodysenteriae as a potential threat for indirect transmission between farms. This article summarizes the knowledge available on the etiological agent of SD and its virulence traits, and reviews the determinants of SD transmission. The between-herds and within-herd transmission routes are addressed. The factors affecting disease transmission are thoroughly discussed, i.e., environmental survival of the pathogen, husbandry factors (production system, production stage, farm management), role of vectors, diet influence and interaction of the microorganism with gut microbiota. Finally, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to fight against the disease are briefly described.

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“…Destacan como reservorios de estas infecciones las aves, en especial las aves acuáticas migratorias como patos, gansos, ocas, etc. (Jansson et al 2009;Jansson et al 2011). Estas aves migratorias son colonizadas por muchas especies del género Brachyspira, incluidas las especies de espiroquetas fuertemente hemolíticas que causan la DP.…”

Section: 432-fuentes De Infección Y Mecanismos De Transmisiónunclassified

“…Estas aves migratorias son colonizadas por muchas especies del género Brachyspira, incluidas las especies de espiroquetas fuertemente hemolíticas que causan la DP. Al contrario de lo descrito en diversos desafíos experimentales realizados en pollos, los patos son colonizados por B. hyodyesnteriae y por B. suanatina pero no muestran signos clínicos de enfermedad (Adachi et al 1985;Sueyoshi & Adachi 1990;Trott et al 1996b;Jansson et al 2009). Algunos estudios han detectado espiroquetas fuertemente hemolíticas en granjas de ñandúes, patos y gansos con problemas de tiflocolitis y con aumento de mortalidad; sin embargo, estos aislados no suelen causar enfermedad cuando se inoculan experimentalmente en estos mismos animales (Sagartz et al 1992;Nemes et al 2006;.…”

Section: 432-fuentes De Infección Y Mecanismos De Transmisiónunclassified

Aportaciones al diagnóstico y control de la disentería porcina = Contributions to the dianosis and control of swine dysentery

Morán¹,

Miguel²

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Las espiroquetas son un grupo de bacterias que forman el filo Spirochaetes, uno de los 25 filos en que se divide actualmente el superreino Bacteria. Forman un amplio grupo bacteriano filogenéticamente relacionado, con evidencias fenotípicas comunes como es la presencia de flagelos periplasmáticos y otras características como la resistencia de la mayoría de sus miembros a la rifampicina (Kunkle & Kinyon 1988; Wyss et al. 1996; Stamm et al. 2001). El filo Spirochaetes contiene una única clase, Spirochaetia, y seis ordenes, entre ellos el orden Brachyspirales, formado por una única familia, Brachyspiraceae, con un único género denominado Brachyspira, en el que están incluidas las espiroquetas intestinales con mayor relevancia clínica para especies como el cerdo, como veremos más adelante. Clásicamente, los actuales ordenes se clasificaban como familias dentro del orden Spirochaetales, distinguiéndose entre ellas en base a sus características bioquímicas y a las secuencias del ácido ribonucleico ribosómico (ARNr) 16S o del gen que lo codifica (Paster et al. 1991; Paster & Dewhirst 2000). Estudios recientes, basados en evidencias filogenéticas y moleculares, propusieron que dichas familias podían ser, en realidad, divisiones taxonómicas mayores como órdenes o incluso clases dentro del propio filo Spirochaetes, como actualmente están clasificadas (Gupta et al. 2013). Dentro del filo Spirochaetes se incluyen cuatro géneros con gran importancia clínica que engloban especies causantes de importantes enfermedades. Así, Treponema pallidum es el agente etiológico de la sífilis, Borrellia burgdorferi causa la enfermedad de Lyme y especies de los géneros Leptospira y Brachyspira causan leptopirosis y espiroquetosis intestinales, respectivamente, en diversas especies animales incluido el hombre (Gupta et al. 2013).

show abstract

Experimental Challenge of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and “Brachyspira suanatina” Isolated from Pigs and Mallards

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Lactobacilli Antagonize the Growth, Motility, and Adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a Potential Intervention against Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis

Lactobacilli Antagonize the Growth, Motility, and Adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a Potential Intervention against Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis

Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease

Aportaciones al diagnóstico y control de la disentería porcina = Contributions to the dianosis and control of swine dysentery

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