Experimental Challenge of Coho Salmon and Rainbow Trout with<i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i>

Smith, Pamela; Contreras, Johanna; Garces, L.H.; Larenas, J.; Oyanedel, Sandra; Caswell-Reno, P.; Fryer, J. L.

doi:10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0130:ecocsa>2.3.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Cultured ECR0811 was most virulent in Atlantic salmon and less so in other salmonid a n d non-salmonid species. The differential virulence displayed by cultures of this RLO among fish species was similar to that of P. salmonis, which is also more virulent in Atlantic and coho salmon than it is in rainbow trout (Cvitanich et al 1991, Garces et al 1991, Smith et al 1996a. Failure of ECR0811 to cause mortality in carp was similar to observations of Trevors et al (1996) in which carp and goldfish Carassius auratus were resistant to experimental infection et al 1997b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Virulence and antigenic characteristics of a cultured Rickettsiales-like organism isolated from farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in eastern Canada

Jones¹,

Markham²,

Groman³

et al. 1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The present study describes culture, virulence and antigenic characteristics of a Rickettsiales-like organism (RLO) associated with mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon in eastern Canada. Clinical disease was reproduced in naive Atlantic salmon parr by intraperitoneal (IP) inoculation with kidney homogenate from naturally infected fish. Pure cultures of RLO were isolated into chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells from kidney of experimentally infected fish. The RLO caused cytopathic effect in cultured CHSE-214 typified by coalescing areas of swollen cells that eventually detached from the substrate. Bacteria in infected culture supernatants reacted with Piscirickettsia salmonis-specific polyclonal sera or monoclonal antibody (MAb) in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. IP inoculation with cultured RLO resulted in mortal~ties of 100. 62, 22.5 and 0 % in Atlantic salmon, coho salmon, rainbow trout and common carp, respectively. Cultured RLO were sensitive to chloramphenicol, flumequine, oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid and insensitive to gentamicin and amphotericin B. RLO antigens were compared with those of 3 strains of P, salmonis from Chilean salmon by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. A silverstaining band of about 12 kDa was detected in proteinase K (PK) digests of all RLO strains, and a d~ffuse band of about 15 kDa was observed in 2 Chilean strains only. No other silver-stained bands were visible in PK digests of any strain examined. The polyclonal serum recognized 9 protein bands and multiple non-protein bands extending from less than 20 kDa to greater than 95 kDa in all isolates. The MAb reacted with an epitope in PK digests that occurred in all 4 strains on structures of widely ranging molecular masses, resulting in a ladder pattcrn similar to that obtained with polyclonal serum. Treatment of PK digests wlth periodic acid abolished reactivity with MAb and polyclonal serum. CO-elution of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and MAb reactivity following size exclusion chromatography of solubilized P. salmonis suggested that the MAb recognized a lipopolysacchande-associated epitope in all 4 RLO isolates. Cultural, virulence and antigenic similarities among the strains examined in the present study indicate that the eastern Canadian salmonid RLO should be considered a strain of P. salmonis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Virulence and antigenic characteristics of a cultured Rickettsiales-like organism isolated from farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in eastern Canada

Jones¹,

Markham²,

Groman³

et al. 1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…E-mail: jim_winton@usgs.gov ment of P. salmonis within the family Rickettsiaceae (Fryer et al 1992). Infectivity studies by Cvitanich et al (1991), Garces et al (1991) and Smith et al (1996) fulfilled Koch's postulates and demonstrated a doseresponse with mortality reaching nearly l00 % in some groups of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) injected with the bacterium. Disease diagnosis is possible by light microscopy, immunofluorescent staining , Olsen et al 1997, latex bead agglutination (Kuzyk et al 1996), and polymerase chain reaction (Mauel et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Purification of Piscirickettsia salmonis and partial characterization of antigens

Mn¹,

Landolt²,

Powell³

et al. 1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Piscirickettsla salmonis is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia, an economically significant disease affecting the salmon aquaculture industry. As with other rickettslal pathogens, antigenic analysis of P. salmonis has been limited by the inherent difficulties of purifying an intracellular organism away from host cell material. In this report, we describe the use of diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (DMDS) density gradient centrifugation to purify P. salmonis grown in chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells. Plaque assay titers and total protein assays confirmed that viable P. salmonis was consistently concentrated in a visible band within the DMDS density gradient at a density of 1.15 to 1.16 g ml-l. Recovery of purified, viable organisms from DMDS density gradients varied from 0.6 to 3%. Preparations of uninfected CHSE-214 cells, CHSE-214 cells infected with P. salmonis, and gradient-purified P. salmonis were compared using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to assess the degree of purification and to identify P. salmonis-specific proteins. Although gradient-purified P. salmonis preparations were not completely free of host cell material, 8 bacterial proteins were identified. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum was used in an immunoblot of proteins from purified P salmonis to identify 3 major and 5 minor antigens. The major antigens of 56, 30 and 20 kDa were potential candidates for experimental vaccines and development of novel &agnostic assays.

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“…Treatment of active cases of the disease with a number of antimicrobial drugs continues to be utilized as a principal control measure (Branson & Diaz‐Munoz 1991; Cvitanich et al. 1991; Smith, Contreras, Garcés, Larenas, Oyanedel, Caswell‐Reno & Fryer 1996). Orally administered oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline have been reported as useful in the treatment of piscirickettsiosis but with the limitations that the response to these medicated feeds may be slow and require repeated applications (Palmer 1997).…”

Section: Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Piscirickettsia salmonis: a Gram‐negative intracellular bacterial pathogen of fish

Fryer

Hedrick

2003

Journal of Fish Diseases

173

142

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Piscirickettsia salmonis is the first Gram-negative, intracellular bacterial pathogen isolated from fish and is a significant cause of mortality in salmonid fish. Recent reports of P. salmonis or P. salmonis-like organisms from new fish hosts and geographic regions have increased the interest in the bacterium. In this review, the important characteristics of the bacterium including recent taxonomic changes, features of the disease caused by the bacterium including transmission, hosts, reservoirs, diagnostic procedures, and current approaches for prevention and treatment have been discussed. The reader is also directed to other reviews concerning the bacterium and the disease it causes (Fryer & Lannan 1994, 1996; Almendras & Fuentealba 1997; Lannan, Bartholomew & Fryer 1999; House & Fryer 2002; Mauel & Miller 2002).

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Experimental Challenge of Coho Salmon and Rainbow Trout withPiscirickettsia salmonis

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Virulence and antigenic characteristics of a cultured Rickettsiales-like organism isolated from farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in eastern Canada

Virulence and antigenic characteristics of a cultured Rickettsiales-like organism isolated from farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in eastern Canada

Purification of Piscirickettsia salmonis and partial characterization of antigens

Piscirickettsia salmonis: a Gram‐negative intracellular bacterial pathogen of fish

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