Experimental Biomechanics of Intervertebral Disc Rupture Through a Vertebral Body

Smith, Frank P.

doi:10.3171/jns.1969.30.2.0134

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In four disc failure did not occur, and in 22 the bursting occurred upwards or downwards into the vertebral body. Similarly, Virgin (1951), Evans and Lissner (1954), Brown, Hansen, and Yorra (1957), Smith (1969), andRoaf (1960) found that, with axial loading of the spine, the vertebral end-plate bulged and fractured with herniation of disc material into the intervertebral body. Axial loading did not damage the annulus fibrosus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A number of authors (Virgin, 1951;Evans and Lissner, 1954;Brown, Hansen, and Yorra, 1957;Roaf, 1960;Smith, 1969) have vertically loaded isolated segments of the spinal column but none made any study of the preceding structure of the intervertebral disc. The present study relates the mechanical strength of the disc to stress induced by direct increase of intranuclear pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intervertebral discs: nuclear morphology and bursting pressures.

Jayson¹,

Herbert²,

Barks³

1973

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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Prolapsed intervertebral disc is a common clinical problem. It is usually thought to result from an increase in intranuclear pressure during stress exceeding the resistance of the annulus fibrosus. Artificial loading of cadaveric spines, however, has not reproduced the typical posterolateral prolapse. In general, axial loading of a vertebral column to the point of failure results in bursting of the disc contents upwards or downwards into the vertebral body rather than disruption of the annulus fibrosus.The present study has been directed at determining the morphology of the nucleus pulposus and relating this to the intranuclear pressure necessary to produce failure. The pre-existing shape of the nucleus was also related to the site of bursting. Materials and methodsSpines were obtained from cadavers. The vertebral columns from the first lumbar to the first sacral segments were removed intact and x-rayed in the anteroposterior and lateral planes. Spines that were damaged and disc spaces that showed degenerative changes were discarded. They were stored in a deep freeze and allowed to thaw for 24 hours before study. HERBERT*t, ANDThe spines were cut into segments, each consisting of an intervertebral disc with the adjoining half vertebral bodies above and below. A specially constructed needle was inserted so that its tip lay in the centre of each disc and through this a mixture of seven parts of Conray 480 (sodium iothalamate 80 per cent.) and one part Evans blue was injected. With the needle still in place each segment was x-rayed in all three planes to determine the predominant morphology of the nucleus pulposus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervertebral discs: nuclear morphology and bursting pressures.

Jayson¹,

Herbert²,

Barks³

1973

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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“…The high frequency of Schmorl's nodes in the lower back is attributed to the anatomy and biomechanics of the lower spine, as the amount of loading on the spine normally increases from the cervical to the lumbar regions (Argoff & Wheeler, 1998). However, back-related trauma is also dependent on posture and various loading factors (Smith, 1969;Chaffin & Park, 1973;Adams et al, 1993). Therefore, the frequency of Schmorl's nodes in the spinal column can vary based on activity patterns and postures.…”

Section: Schmorl's Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmorl's nodes: clinical significance and implications for the bioarchaeological record

Faccia

Williams

2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Back pain is one of the major contributors to disability and loss of productivity in modern populations. However, osteological correlates of back pain are often absent or, as yet, unidentified. As bioarchaeologists depend on osteological evidence to interpret quality of life in the past, back pain, with its profound effects on modern populations, is largely overlooked in archaeological samples. This study addresses this shortcoming in bioarchaeological analysis by exploring the relationship between a defined vertebral osteological lesion, the Schmorl's node, and its effect on quality of life in a clinical population. Using patient insight, healthcare practitioner diagnoses and MR imaging analyses, this study investigates:(1) Schmorl's nodes and sociodemographic factors; (2) the number, location and quantitative aspects (e.g. length, depth, area) of Schmorl's nodes, and how these influence the reporting of pain; (3) the dynamic effects of Schmorl's nodes, in combination with other variables, in the reporting of pain; and (4) the perception and impact of pain that patients attribute to Schmorl's nodes with regard to quality-of-life issues. The results of this study indicate that Schmorl's nodes located in the central portion of the vertebral body are significantly associated with patient reporting of pain, and that the presence of osteophytes, in the affected vertebral region, may increase the likelihood that an individual will report pain. This finding provides bioarchaeologists with an osteological correlate to begin interpreting the presence and impact of pain in archaeological populations, with implications for scoring Schmorl's nodes.

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“…Smith (1969) examined the effects of compressive forces on lumbar vertebral segments that were obtained, together with the intervertebral discs, from fresh autopsy material and exposed to compression in a materials testing machine. He found definite evidence of vertical fracture lines, while diagonal fracture lines were less commonly seen on sagittal sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric analysis of vertebrae and intervertebral discs as a basis of disc replacement

et al. 1990

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In this study measurements were obtained from 359 vertebrae and 215 intervertebral discs in an attempt to classify discs by their size. At the cervical and thoracic levels, this attempt was unproductive because of extensive variations. In the lumbar spine, discs were allocated to six size-matched groups and to two height-matched groups. The breadth of marginal rims were also measured with a view to provide surgeons operating on the spine with precise data on disc morphology to facilitate disc replacement.

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Experimental Biomechanics of Intervertebral Disc Rupture Through a Vertebral Body

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Intervertebral discs: nuclear morphology and bursting pressures.

Intervertebral discs: nuclear morphology and bursting pressures.

Schmorl's nodes: clinical significance and implications for the bioarchaeological record

Morphometric analysis of vertebrae and intervertebral discs as a basis of disc replacement

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