Experimental Biodiversity Enrichment in Oil-Palm-Dominated Landscapes in Indonesia

Teuscher, Miriam; Gérard, Anne; Brose, Ulrich; Buchori, Damayanti; Clough, Yann; Ehbrecht, Martin; Hölscher, Dirk; Irawan, Bambang; Sundawati, Leti; Wollni, Meike; Kreft, Holger

doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01538

Cited by 85 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The studied monoculture is relatively intensively managed, with fertilizer application including 230 kg N ha −1 year −1 (Teuscher et al, 2016). The studied monoculture is relatively intensively managed, with fertilizer application including 230 kg N ha −1 year −1 (Teuscher et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region is tropical humid, with mean annual precipitation of 2,235 mm year −1 and average annual temperature of 26.7°C (Drescher et al, 2016). The tree species were mixed in a way to maximize the number of hetero-specific neighbours (i.e., no conspecific rows or groups; Teuscher et al, 2016). Mean elevation is 47 m asl.…”

Section: Study Area and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The land cover change and the expansion of oil palm plantations are associated with losses of biodiversity and impaired ecosystem functions (Barnes et al, 2014;Clough et al, 2016;Dislich et al, 2017). To test possibilities of alleviating the ecological impacts of oil palm cultivation, a biodiversity enrichment experiment, EFForTS-BEE, was set up in a commercial oil palm plantation by planting native tree species and establishing oil palm agroforests (Teuscher et al, 2016). To test possibilities of alleviating the ecological impacts of oil palm cultivation, a biodiversity enrichment experiment, EFForTS-BEE, was set up in a commercial oil palm plantation by planting native tree species and establishing oil palm agroforests (Teuscher et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drone‐based photogrammetry‐derived crown metrics for predicting tree and oil palm water use

et al. 2019

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Transpiration at the stand level is often estimated from water use measurements on a limited number of plants and then scaled up by predicting the remaining plants of a stand by plant size-related variables. Today, drone-based methods offer new opportunities for plant size assessments. We tested crown variables derived from drone-based photogrammetry for predicting and scaling plant water use. In an oil palm agroforest and an oil palm monoculture plantation in lowland Sumatra, Indonesia, tree and oil palm water use rates were measured by sap flux techniques.Simultaneously, aerial images were taken from an octocopter equipped with an Red Green Blue (RGB) camera. We used the structure from motion approach to compute several crown variables such as crown length, width, and volume. Crown volumes for both palms (69%) and trees (81%) explained much of the observed spatial variability in water use; however, the specific crown volume model differed between palms and trees and there was no single linear model fitting for both. Among the trees, crown volume explained more of the observed variability than stem diameter, and in consequence, uncertainties in stand level estimates resulting from scaling were largely reduced. For oil palms, an appropriate whole-plant size-related predictor variable was thus far not available. Stand level transpiration estimates in the studied oil palm agroforest were lower than those in the oil palm monoculture, which is probably due to the small-statured trees. In conclusion, we consider drone-derived crown metrics very useful for the scaling from single plant water use to stand-level transpiration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drone‐based photogrammetry‐derived crown metrics for predicting tree and oil palm water use

et al. 2019

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“…To our knowledge, little research on this topic has been carried out in oil palm landscapes; the BEFTA project (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture; http://oilpalmbiodiversity. com/) and the biodiversity enrichment experiment EFForTS-BEE (Teuscher et al, 2016) being valuable exceptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroecological practices in oil palm plantations: examples from the field

Bessou

Verwilghen

Beaudoin‐Ollivier

et al. 2017

OCL

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-Palm oil is nowadays the first vegetable oil consumed worldwide. Given the world population growth and the increasing demand in fat for food and fuel, the increase in oil palm production is expected to continue. It is thus important to find ways of reducing the ecological impact of oil palm plantations at both the agroecosystem and the mill supply area levels, by improving agricultural practices and land uses. This is where agroecology can play a very critical role. The present article gathers short stories on agroecological practices currently taking place in oil palm plantations in South-East Asia. Such stories notably highlight the importance of the various palm co-products and how appropriate recycling strategies can allow for reducing external inputs to both the field and the mill. Besides limiting environmental impacts thanks to such savings, several coproducts used as organic amendments can even help to maintain or enhance soil quality. Other stories explored agroecological practices developed for biological controls. Although integrated pest management has been applied in palm plantations for a long time, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully deciphered and practices still need to be improved. More knowledge is needed in order to better account for the holistic role of biodiversity and arbitrate trade-offs between practices and ecosystem services, at both plantation and landscape levels.Keywords: palm oil / agroecology / biological control / recycling / composting / soil quality Résumé -Pratiques agroécologiques en plantations de palmier à huile : exemples de terrain. L'huile de palme est aujourd'hui la première huile végétale consommée au monde. Étant donné la croissance démographique mondiale et la demande accrue en corps gras pour l'alimentation et les biocarburants, l'augmentation de la production d'huile de palme devrait perdurer. Il est ainsi primordial de trouver des moyens de production permettant de réduire l'impact écologique des plantations de palmier à huile, à la fois à l'échelle de l'agroécosystème et celle du bassin d'approvisionnement de l'huilerie, en améliorant les pratiques et la gestion des usages des sols. Les principes de l'agroécologie peuvent aider à développer des solutions à ces diverses échelles. Cet article rassemble diverses histoires courtes illustrant des pratiques agroécologiques mises en place dans des plantations de palmier à huile en Asie du Sud-Est. Ces illustrations mettent en évidence l'importance des nombreux co-produits issus du palmier et leur rôle clé dans les stratégies de recyclage pour réduire le recours aux intrants externes pour la plantation comme pour l'huilerie. Au-delà de la réduction des impacts environnementaux du fait de ces économies d'intrants, certains co-produits restitués en plantation peuvent également permettre de maintenir, voire d'améliorer, la qualité des sols. D'autres histoires courtes parcourent quelques autres pratiques agroécologiques dans le domaine de la lutte intégrée. Bien que de nombreuses pratiques de contrôle bi...

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“…We investigated tree growth and survival during the first 4 years of trees planted in an oil palm landscape that integrates a BEF‐component to test the effectiveness of tree islands as biodiversity enrichment and ecological restoration strategy (Teuscher et al, ; Zemp et al, ). The tree islands, or experimental plots, varied in size, tree diversity level and species composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree performance in a biodiversity enrichment experiment in an oil palm landscape

Zemp

Gérard

Hölscher

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Large‐scale conversion of tropical forests into oil palm monocultures has led to dramatic losses of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. While ecological restoration is urgently needed in many oil palm landscapes, there is a lack of scientific knowledge of sustainable management strategies. We established experimental tree islands of varying sizes (25 m2 to 1,600 m2) and diversity levels (1, 2, 3 and 6 species) in an oil palm plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia. Six native multi‐purpose tree species including Archidendron pauciflorum (Jengkol), Durio zibethinus (Durian), Parkia speciosa (Petai), Shorea leprosula (Meranti), Peronema canescens (Sungkai) and Dyera polyphylla (Jelutung) were planted between living and felled oil palms. Here, we analyse the controlling factors of tree growth and survival during the first 4 years at the level of local neighbourhood and tree island. We found a significant effect of diversity levels on tree productivity, that is, basal area was higher in multi‐species than in single‐species tree islands. This overyielding was attributed to enhanced tree growth, while mortality had no effect. In the local neighbourhood, tree species richness had a positive effect on tree growth during the first year only, indicating that selection and dominance of well‐performing species at high level of diversity are most likely driving overyielding. Trees grew better away from living oil palms, suggesting tree‐palm competition. Proximity to felled oil palms increased growth especially during the first years, during which the planted trees might have benefited from the additional available space and resources. Despite positive edge effects from the conventional oil palm management in the surrounding, tree island size had an overall positive effect on tree growth. Synthesis and applications. We planted native trees in an oil palm landscape following a tree island pattern. The establishment success differed widely among the six planted species. The selection of particular species is a decisive factor to foster a positive relationship between diversity and tree growth. Planting larger tree islands (e.g. 1,600 square metres) is a better option to enhance tree growth, but tree‐palm competition implies a trade‐off between tree growth and palm oil production in the tree islands.

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Experimental Biodiversity Enrichment in Oil-Palm-Dominated Landscapes in Indonesia

Cited by 85 publications

References 73 publications

Drone‐based photogrammetry‐derived crown metrics for predicting tree and oil palm water use

Drone‐based photogrammetry‐derived crown metrics for predicting tree and oil palm water use

Agroecological practices in oil palm plantations: examples from the field

Tree performance in a biodiversity enrichment experiment in an oil palm landscape

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