Experimental benchmarks of the Monte Carlo code penelope

Sempau, J.; Fernández-Varea, José M.; Acosta, E.; Salvat, F.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(03)00453-1

Cited by 304 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These scattering events will cause secondary electron cascades as the energy is dissipated. To quantify this effect and model these processes, the PENELOPE 22,23 Monte Carlo simulation software package for electron/ photon transport was used. The modeling begins by simulating photoelectrons produced at the surface of the modeled sample.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluence thresholds for grazing incidence hard x-ray mirrors

Aquila

Sobierajski

Özkan

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) have the potential to contribute to many fields of science and to enable many new avenues of research, in large part due to their orders of magnitude higher peak brilliance than existing and future synchrotrons. To best exploit this peak brilliance, these XFEL beams need to be focused to appropriate spot sizes. However, the survivability of X-ray optical components in these intense, femtosecond radiation conditions is not guaranteed. As mirror optics are routinely used at XFEL facilities, a physical understanding of the interaction between intense X-ray pulses and grazing incidence X-ray optics is desirable. We conducted single shot damage threshold fluence measurements on grazing incidence X-ray optics, with coatings of ruthenium and boron carbide, at the SPring-8 Angstrom compact free electron laser facility using 7 and 12 keV photon energies. The damage threshold dose limits were found to be orders of magnitude higher than would naively be expected. The incorporation of energy transport and dissipation via keV level energetic photoelectrons accounts for the observed damage threshold.

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confidence: 99%

Fluence thresholds for grazing incidence hard x-ray mirrors

Aquila

Sobierajski

Özkan

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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“…We have studied two cases T hot = 50 keV and T hot = 500 keV as representative cases of hot electrons which may be produced in the interaction with matter of nonrelativistic lasers (such as those which can be used in shock ignition experiments [37]) and of hot electrons produced in relativistic interaction with high-intensity lasers, such as those which should be studied in fast-ignition experiments [38]. Using for instance the LIVERMORE [39] or PENELOPE [40,41] physics library, GEANT4 allows simulation of the atomic deexcitation within materials. To investigate the influence of target heating on the Kα and Kβ production, we performed individual simulations for each Z * by using σ K (E; Z * ) and Y (Kα or Kβ, Z * ) presented in the previous section.…”

Section: Influence Of Target Heating On K α and Kβ Observablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of target heating on experiments usingKαandKβdiagnostics

et al. 2015

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We describe the impact of heating and ionization on emission from the target of Kα and Kβ radiation induced by the propagation of hot electrons generated by laser-matter interaction. We consider copper as a test case and, starting from basic principles, we calculate the changes in emission wavelength, ionization cross section, and fluorescence yield as Cu is progressively ionized. We have finally considered the more realistic case when hot electrons have a distribution of energies with average energies of 50 and 500 keV (representative respectively of "shock ignition" and of "fast ignition" experiments) and in which the ions are distributed according to ionization equilibrium. In addition, by confronting our theoretical calculations with existing data, we demonstrate that this study offers a generic theoretical background for temperature diagnostics in laser-plasma interactions.

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“…General-purpose Monte Carlo codes for radiation interactions have therefore emerged from CERN, Los Alamos National Laboratory and National Research Council Canada. FLUKA [1], MCNP [2], EGSnrc [3], PENE-LOPE [4] and GEANT4 [5], each with distinct design philosophy and development history, serve user communities worldwide. MCNP is particularly elaborate in neutron transport and statistical analysis.…”

Section: Radiation Historiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

History-by-History Variance in Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Interactions with Matter

Chin¹

2017

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Radiation interaction with matter is by nature stochastic. Monte Carlo simulation makes possible, practical, economical and ethical, many experiments otherwise not. In-silico simulation of random samples of radiation histories places into our hands data which may be treated and analysed in radically different ways. This work reports history-by-history computation of the variance in simulation output from FLUKA, a general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Variance computed history by history is compared with variance estimated from varying batch sizes. This work also addresses the issue of under-sampling where, against conventional expectations, the variance spikes as we sample more histories. The background to the spikes is traced by reconstructing single histories interaction by interaction-a novel level of details atypical of Monte Carlo simulations in the field, where statistical convergence of averaged quantities has been the focus.

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Experimental benchmarks of the Monte Carlo code penelope

Cited by 304 publications

References 41 publications

Fluence thresholds for grazing incidence hard x-ray mirrors

Fluence thresholds for grazing incidence hard x-ray mirrors

Effects of target heating on experiments usingKαandKβdiagnostics

History-by-History Variance in Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Interactions with Matter

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