Experimental benches for investigation and acceptance testing of distributors and sprayers

Abstract

The quality of the initial distribution of liquid over the packing section significantly affects the efficiency of operation of structured packing. For this reason, stiff requirements are imposed on uniformity of distribution.For distributors of the groove type, these requirements are theoretically formulated as restricting dispersion of local liquid flows and flows to the control site: in the first case, usually at the level of 10% and in the second, at the level of 5-7% for minimum flow rates. The design features of the distributor and the quality of its manufacture and assembly practically affect the distribution of the liquid and consequently dispersion of flows, in addition to the process parameters.In addition to groove distributors, distributors based on jet-centrifugal spray nozzles that ensure a full-bodied spray cone are widely used in packed towers. The liquid stream delivered by external pressure is divided into two parts in the nozzle, one swirled by a special swirler or by tangential input, and the other forms an axial stream.In the inner chamber (mixing chamber), both streams are mixed and constricted through a small-diameter opening (nozzle). The strongly turbulized outgoing stream loses integrity at some distance from the nozzle and expanding significantly, breaks up into a multitude of small drops. The design parameters of the sprayer: size, slope, and number of swirler grooves, size and shape of the mixing chamber, significantly affect the spraying angle of the jet, its homogeneity, and the pressure drop in the sprayer.Kedr-89 built a full-scale bench for studying and acceptance testing of low-pressure and high-pressure liquid distributors for packed towers and a bench for testing sprayers at Penzkhimmash OJSC under a comprehensive program for developing new and improving existing equipment. A calculation study of low-pressure distributors based on a specialized modeling program for optimizing the distributor design parameters and substantiating the requirements for the precision of manufacturing and installing low-pressure distributors* was conducted parallelly with construction of the benches and assimilation of the testing methods. *I. N. Klochkov, V. G. Chekmenev, E. V. Karmanov, et al., Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel, No. 1, 60-61 (2004).

Methods of computer modeling of process hydrodynamics. Experience in use

“…The effect of the ratio of the areas of the axial and vortex channels, nozzle dimensions, and size and shape of the mixing chamber. The adequacy of the results obtained with CFD is confirmed by their good correlation with the results of previous experiments [3].…”