Experimental Autonomic Neuropathy in the Choroid of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Gärtner, J.; Fischer, Friederike

doi:10.1097/00006982-198909010-00007

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Studies of autonomic neuropathy in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats with megacolon indicate that axonal dystrophy is the salient histopathological finding in mesenteric nerves of the ileum [4]. The dystrophic changes are more frequent in the terminal segments of the splanchnic nerves, whereas the proximal nerve and parent ganglion cell are unaffected [4–9]. This pattern of distal axonal degeneration (‘distal axonopathy’) is characteristic of many toxic and metabolic polyneuropathies; it supports the concept that sustained hyperglycaemia causes a perturbation of ganglion cell metabolism, axonal transport, or both, with subsequent loss of integrity of the distal portions of the nerve fibre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Structural and functional investigations of the murine cavernosal nerve: a model system for serial spatio‐temporal study of autonomic neuropathy

Schaumburg¹,

Zotova²,

Cannella³

et al. 2007

BJU International

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used in sterile conditions. Nerve conduction velocity for the cavernosal nerve was assessed from a point 2 mm below the main (major) pelvic ganglion after stimulating the nerve at the crus penis; multi-unit averaging techniques were used to enhance the recording of slow-conduction activity. Recordings from the DNP were obtained over the proximal shaft after stimulation at the base of the penis. RESULTSStep-serial sections of the cavernosal nerve revealed numerous ganglion cells in the initial segments and gradually fewer myelinated fibres at distal levels. At the point of crural entry, the nerve contained almost exclusively unmyelinated axons. As it descended the penile shaft, the nerve separated into small fascicles containing only one to four axons at the level of the distal shaft. In the corpus cavernosum, vesicle-filled presynaptic axon preterminals were close to smooth muscle fibres, but did not seem to be in direct contact. Immunohistochemical evaluation of NOS1 activity showed intense staining of the fibres of the DNP and most of the neurones in the main pelvic ganglion. There was also scattered NOS1 activity in the nerve bundles of the corpus cavernosum. Electrophysiology identified activity in C fibres on the cavernosal nerve and in A α -A δ fibres in the DNP. CONCLUSIONThese results show that it is possible to perform integrated cavernosal pressure monitoring and ultrastructural and electrophysiological studies in this model. These yielded accurate data about the erectile status of the penis, and the state of unmyelinated and myelinated fibres in the DNP and cavernosal nerves of the same animal. This study provides a useful template for future studies of experimental diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Based on the reports of others [4–9], it is very likely that the unmyelinated fibres will be especially vulnerable in autonomic neuropathies. Therefore, the ability to evaluate accurately their waveforms, amplitudes, and velocities at different temporal stages is critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional investigations of the murine cavernosal nerve: a model system for serial spatio‐temporal study of autonomic neuropathy

Schaumburg¹,

Zotova²,

Cannella³

et al. 2007

BJU International

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“…Since the studies of Matsusaka (1982), it is known that melanocytes have contractile capacity because they possess filaments similar to actin filaments in their cytoplasm. This contractile capacity would enable melanocytes to regulate choroidal vessel caliber through their own innervation (Gärtner and Fischer 1989). The presence of myosin filaments has also been described in the cytoplasm of capillary pericytes, which could contribute to the microvascular tonus (Le Beux and Willemont 1978;Joyce et al 1985a,b;Kelley et al 1987;De Stefano and Mugnaini 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Distribution and organization of the nerve fiber and ganglion cells of the human choroid

Triviño

Hoz

Salazar

et al. 2002

Anatomy and Embryology

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Antibodies to the 68, 160 and 200 kD of the neurofilament triplets were used to study the distribution and organization of neuronal structures in the human choroid. Choroidal axons were observed in the suprachoroid and vascular laminae but absent from the choriocapillary layer. Most axons were situated in the suprachoroid. In this layer, there were band-like bundles. The two thickest band-like bundles could constitute the long ciliary nerve, while the rest could constitute short ciliary nerves. These bundles ran through the suprachoroid, branching out on the suprachoroid and the vascular laminae until they reached the ciliary body. In the submacular area of the suprachoroid, the branches of the band-like bundles were so intermingled that they looked like a meshwork. In the vascular layer, the large vessels and their primary branches were accompanied by paravascular axons. Some paravascular axons penetrated the medium-caliber vessel layer and in the submacular area interwove to form a network parallel to the arteriole walls. In addition, perivascular axons were revealed by antibodies to neuropeptides. Choroidal ganglion cells were more numerous in the central choroid, specifically in a circumferential area corresponding to the entrance of the short posterior ciliary arteries and their primary branches, and in the vicinity of the submacular area. These cells presented bipolar and multipolar morphology. The high concentration of innervation in the central human choroid could be necessary to maintain strict blood flow in this zone; thus if required, these neuron structures could induce early vasodilation reflexes at the entrance of the choroidal blood vessels to increase the blood flow.

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“…27.4A-C) (Mizisin et al, 2002(Mizisin et al, , 2007. ASNs have also been described as an early attempt by the Schwann cell to segregate and degrade axonal organellar debris (Sima and Robertson, 1979;Sima, 1980;Moore et al, 1982;Gartner and Fischer, 1989;Jirmanova, 1993;Mizisin et al, 2007). Characteristic of Wallerian degeneration, myelin ovoids can be demonstrated within otherwise vacant neurilemmal tubes in teased fiber preparations in both human and feline biopsies and result from the fragmentation of the myelin sheath at Schmidt-Lanterman incisures (Fig.…”

Section: Myelinated Fibersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy

Mizisin

2014

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

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Experimental Autonomic Neuropathy in the Choroid of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Structural and functional investigations of the murine cavernosal nerve: a model system for serial spatio‐temporal study of autonomic neuropathy

Structural and functional investigations of the murine cavernosal nerve: a model system for serial spatio‐temporal study of autonomic neuropathy

Distribution and organization of the nerve fiber and ganglion cells of the human choroid

Mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy

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