Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic mice lacking interferon regulatory factor-1

Viral infection in induction of Hashimotoʼs thyroiditis: a key player or just a bystander?

“…IRF-1 is also associated with CD8 þ T cell differentiation and Th1 immune response development [87,88]. Previous studies demonstrated the presence of IRF-1 in thyrocytes [89,90] and requirement of IRF-1 in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis induced by iodide ingestion, but not that induced by thyroglobulin immunization, in NOD mice [91,92]. Similarly, IRF-1 has been shown to be pivotal in the development of collagen-induced arthritis [93] and autoimmune diabetes [94].…”

Contrasting Roles of IFN-γ in Murine Models of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

“…However, this idea is challenged by other results showing that systemic administration of IFN-g suppresses EAT (20), and mice unable to respond to IFN-g (IFN-gR -=-mice) (21) or produce IFN-g (IFN-g -=-mice) [(22) and our unpublished results] are susceptible to EAT. In addition, interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is an important regulator of IFN-g-mediated immune reactions, and IRF-1 -=-NOD mice develop EAT and anti-MTg antibodies comparable to IRF-1 þ=þ and IRF-1 þ=-mice (23). In the adoptive transfer model of G-EAT, neutralization of IFN-g during in vitro activation of effector cells with MTg (no exogenous cytokines) promotes development of more severe EAT with granulomatous histology (24), and splenocytes from IFN-g -=-mice activated with MTg and IL-12 transfer severe G-EAT to IFN-g -=-recipients (22).…”

Effects of interleukin-6 blockade on the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic mice

“…Interferon-g (IFNg) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in 48-h culture supernatants were measured using ELISA kits (Biosource International, Camarillo, CA, USA). We previously found that mouse Tg added to culture medium did not stimulate spleen cell proliferation and cytokine production in NOD mice [20,21].…”

“…As described previously [21], mice at 6-8 weeks of age were immunized with 100 mg of mouse Tg emulsified in TiterMax Gold adjuvant (TiterMax USA, Norcross, GA, USA). A boosting injection was given 4 weeks later with the same dose of mouse Tg.…”

“…Serum anti-mouse Tg antibody (TgAb) was measured in duplicate in one assay by a modification of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as previously described [20,21]. In brief, 96-well microplates (Becton Dickinson and Co., Oxnard, CA, USA) were coated with mouse Tg at a concentration of 10 mg/ml in 50 mM carbonate buffer, pH 9.6, and incubated overnight at 48C.…”