“…Using composite materials in naval structures can offer several advantages such as corrosion resistance, weight savings, lower CO2 emissions and energy savings (Mieloszyk, Majewska and Ostachowicz, 2021;Mirela, 2021). It has been reported that the use of composites can reduce the ship weight by 25 to 50 % from substituted elements (Hulin et al, 2019). As a result, the payload capacity of the ship could increase, leading to decreased transportation costs.…”