Experimental approach to measure the restraining force in deep drawing by means of a versatile draw bead simulator

Bassoli, Elena; Sola, Antonella; Denti, Lucia; Gatto, Andrea

doi:10.1080/10426914.2019.1628267

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They found that circular drawbeads are preferred since the thickness reduction is lesser than when rectangular drawbeads are used. Bassoli et al [ 30 ] developed a handy simulator to measure the DBRF during the deep drawing of 6014-T4 aluminium alloy metal sheet. The results show that some geometries of the drawbead enabled nearly invariant dynamic behaviour, in that the restraining force was almost insensitive to changes in friction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Friction Phenomena Existed in Drawbead in Sheet Metal Forming

et al. 2021

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The article presents the results of friction tests of a 0.8 mm-thick DC04 deep-drawing quality steel sheet. A special friction simulator was used in the tests, reflecting friction conditions occurring while pulling a sheet strip through a drawbead in sheet metal forming. The variable parameters in the experimental tests were as follows: surface roughness of countersamples, lubrication conditions, sample orientation in relation to the sheet rolling direction as well as the sample width and height of the drawbead. Due to many factors that affect the value of the coefficient of friction coefficient, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to build and analyse the friction model. Four training algorithms were used to train the ANNs: back propagation, conjugate gradients, quasi-Newton and Levenberg–Marquardt. It was found that for all analysed friction conditions and sheet strip widths, increasing the drawbead height increases the COF value. The chlorine-based Heavy Draw 1150 compound provides a more effective friction reduction compared to a LAN-46 machine oil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Friction Phenomena Existed in Drawbead in Sheet Metal Forming

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, the experimental testing of draw beads is still necessary. Bassoli et al [21] proposed a versatile draw bead simulator to measure the restraining force exerted on sheet metal by the draw bead during deep drawing. It was found that the restraining force was slightly augmented when the sheet metal thickness was increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D FEM-Based Numerical Analysis of the Sheet Metal Strip Flowing Through Drawbead Simulator

Trzepieciński

Fejkiel

2019

Metals

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Drawbeads are elements of the stamping die and they are used to compensate material flow resistance around the perimeter of the drawpiece or to change the stress state in specific regions of the drawpiece. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical analyses of tests of sheet metal flowing through a drawbead. The tests have been carried out using a special tribological simulator of the drawbead. Experimental tests to determine the coefficient of friction (COF) have been carried out for three widths of sheet metal strip and two drawbead heights. The three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic numerical computations were performed using the MSC. Marc program. Special attention was given to the effect of material flow through the drawbead on the distribution of the normal stress on the tool-sheet interface. The mesh sensitivity analysis based on the value of the drawing force of the specimen being pulled through the drawbead allowed an optimal mesh size to be determined. The errors between the numerically predicted values of the COF and the values experimentally determined ranged from about 0.95% to 7.1% in the cases analysed. In the case of a drawbead height of 12 mm, the numerical model overestimated the value of the COF for all specimen widths analysed. By contrast, in the case of a drawbead height of 18 mm, all experimentally determined friction coefficients are underestimated by Finite Element Method (FEM). This was explained by the different character of sheet deformation under friction and frictionless conditions. An increase in the drawbead height, with the same sheet width, increases the value of the COF.Metals 2020, 10, 45 2 of 15 by Nine [9]. Nine's drawbead simulator mainly tests the friction condition between the blankholder and the die, which fails to reflect the change of coefficient of friction (COF) in each region caused by different stress modes. Several authors have conducted research to better understand the frictional phenomena in sheet metal forming [10][11][12][13] and mechanics of sheet deformation at the drawbeads [14-16] and over the years, analytical, semi-empirical and numerical approaches have been developed.

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“…In general, almost all of them are conventionally fashioned by deep drawing process. On the basis of experimental and FEM works, the developments on this process have been continuously reported in many past studies [5][6][7][8][9]. For examples, Mahdavian and Tui Mei Yen [5] determined the effect of different punches' head profiles on the deep drawing of 5005H34 aluminium circular blanks to manufacture a cup-shape product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [7] showed the increase in the formability and quality of the pure aluminium spherical bottom cylindrical parts (SBCP) by using magnetic medium-assisted sheet metal drawing process. Bassoil et al [8] studied the effects of a draw bead working on an Al6014-T4 strip according to assigned industrial conditions by the handy draw bead simulator (DBS). Sezek et al [9] educated the effects of the die radius on blankholder forces and drawing ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievements of Nearly Zero Earing Defects on SPCC Cylindrical Drawn Cup Using Multi Draw Radius Die

Jankree

Thipprakmas

2020

Metals

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In recent years, the old-fashioned cylindrical cup shapes are still widely used, and there are many defects which could not be solved yet. In the present research, the classical earing defects, which are mainly caused by the material mechanical property of the anisotropic property of the material (R-value), are focused on. The multi draw radius (MDR) deep drawing die is applied and investigated to achieve nearly zero earing defects by encountering the R-value during the deep drawing process. Based on the experiments, in different directions in the sheet plane, the somewhat concurrent plastic deformation could be controlled, and the uniform elongated grain microstructure and uniform strain distributions on the cup wall could be achieved. Therefore, on the basis of these characteristics, the earing defects could be prevented, and the nearly zero earing defects could be achieved. However, to achieve the nearly zero earing defects, the suitable MDR die design relating to the R-value should be strictly considered. In the present research, to apply the MDR die for the medium carbon steel sheet grade SPCC cylindrical drawn cup, the following was recommended: the large draw radius positioned at 45° to the rolling direction and the small draw radius positioned along the plane and at 90° to the rolling direction. Therefore, in the present research, it was originally revealed that the nearly zero earing defects could be successfully performed on the process by using the MDR die application.

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Experimental approach to measure the restraining force in deep drawing by means of a versatile draw bead simulator

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Modelling of Friction Phenomena Existed in Drawbead in Sheet Metal Forming

Modelling of Friction Phenomena Existed in Drawbead in Sheet Metal Forming

A 3D FEM-Based Numerical Analysis of the Sheet Metal Strip Flowing Through Drawbead Simulator

Achievements of Nearly Zero Earing Defects on SPCC Cylindrical Drawn Cup Using Multi Draw Radius Die

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