“…Many complex intermetallic phases crystalize in an atomic arrangement described as a close packing of tetrahedra. − A great number of recent works show that the structural principle of close packing of tetrahedra is also very common for Te 2– , Se 2– , and other anions. − Based on a formally ionic description of these solids, it can be assumed that the anions create a well-arranged partial structure with a cubic or pseudocubic symmetry similar to the topology of the β-manganese structure …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The question about the real crystal structure of PbGa 6 Te 10 is still open. In the available literature on MTr 6 Te 10 compounds, no information is given about polymorphic phase transitions in such compounds. − ,,,− …”
PbGa6Te10 is a promising thermoelectric (TE)
material due to its ultralow thermal conductivity and moderated values
of the Seebeck coefficient. However, the reproducible synthesis of
the PbGa6Te10-based materials for the investigation
and tailoring of physical properties requires detailed knowledge of
the phase diagram of the system. With this aim, a combined thermal,
structural, and microstructural study of the Pb–Ga–Te
ternary system near the PbGa6Te10 composition
is presented here, in which polycrystalline samples with the compositions
(PbTe)1–x
(Ga2Te3)
x
(0.67 ≤ x ≤ 0.87) and Pb
y
Ga6Te10 (0.85 ≤ y ≤ 1.5) were
synthesized and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements
revealed that PbGa6Te10 melts incongruently
at 1007 ± 2 K and has a polymorphic phase transition at 658–693
K depending on composition. Powder X-ray diffraction of annealed samples
confirmed that below 658 K, the trigonal modification of PbGa6Te10 exists (space groups P3121 or P3221) and above 693 K,
the rhombohedral one (space group R32). A homogeneity
range was found for Pb
y
Ga6Te10, y = 0.9–1.1, based on refined lattice
parameters of Pb
y
Ga6Te10 in samples annealed at 873 K. The revised version of the
PbTe–Ga2Te3 phase diagram in the vicinity
of the PbGa6Te10 phase is proposed. Based on
the new results of the phase equilibria, the TE properties of the
Pb
y
Ga6Te10 samples
were studied in detail. The deviation from the stoichiometric composition
leads to a tuning of the charge transport in Pb
y
Ga6Te10, and as a result, the Seebeck
coefficient and electrical conductivity were significantly modified
over the homogeneity range. The Pb-deficient Pb0.9Ga6Te10 sample shows an improved power factor up to
9.5 μW m–1 K–2 and a reduced
thermal conductivity as low as 0.17 W m–1 K–1 due to attuned chemical potential and additional
scattering of phonons on point defects. Thus, the ZT parameter for
this composition was improved up to ∼0.043 at 773 K, which
is almost 4 times higher than that of the stoichiometric specimen.
This work shows that the knowledge of phase equilibria and crystal
chemistry plays a key role in improving the energy conversion efficiency
for new functional TE materials.
“…Many complex intermetallic phases crystalize in an atomic arrangement described as a close packing of tetrahedra. − A great number of recent works show that the structural principle of close packing of tetrahedra is also very common for Te 2– , Se 2– , and other anions. − Based on a formally ionic description of these solids, it can be assumed that the anions create a well-arranged partial structure with a cubic or pseudocubic symmetry similar to the topology of the β-manganese structure …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The question about the real crystal structure of PbGa 6 Te 10 is still open. In the available literature on MTr 6 Te 10 compounds, no information is given about polymorphic phase transitions in such compounds. − ,,,− …”
PbGa6Te10 is a promising thermoelectric (TE)
material due to its ultralow thermal conductivity and moderated values
of the Seebeck coefficient. However, the reproducible synthesis of
the PbGa6Te10-based materials for the investigation
and tailoring of physical properties requires detailed knowledge of
the phase diagram of the system. With this aim, a combined thermal,
structural, and microstructural study of the Pb–Ga–Te
ternary system near the PbGa6Te10 composition
is presented here, in which polycrystalline samples with the compositions
(PbTe)1–x
(Ga2Te3)
x
(0.67 ≤ x ≤ 0.87) and Pb
y
Ga6Te10 (0.85 ≤ y ≤ 1.5) were
synthesized and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements
revealed that PbGa6Te10 melts incongruently
at 1007 ± 2 K and has a polymorphic phase transition at 658–693
K depending on composition. Powder X-ray diffraction of annealed samples
confirmed that below 658 K, the trigonal modification of PbGa6Te10 exists (space groups P3121 or P3221) and above 693 K,
the rhombohedral one (space group R32). A homogeneity
range was found for Pb
y
Ga6Te10, y = 0.9–1.1, based on refined lattice
parameters of Pb
y
Ga6Te10 in samples annealed at 873 K. The revised version of the
PbTe–Ga2Te3 phase diagram in the vicinity
of the PbGa6Te10 phase is proposed. Based on
the new results of the phase equilibria, the TE properties of the
Pb
y
Ga6Te10 samples
were studied in detail. The deviation from the stoichiometric composition
leads to a tuning of the charge transport in Pb
y
Ga6Te10, and as a result, the Seebeck
coefficient and electrical conductivity were significantly modified
over the homogeneity range. The Pb-deficient Pb0.9Ga6Te10 sample shows an improved power factor up to
9.5 μW m–1 K–2 and a reduced
thermal conductivity as low as 0.17 W m–1 K–1 due to attuned chemical potential and additional
scattering of phonons on point defects. Thus, the ZT parameter for
this composition was improved up to ∼0.043 at 773 K, which
is almost 4 times higher than that of the stoichiometric specimen.
This work shows that the knowledge of phase equilibria and crystal
chemistry plays a key role in improving the energy conversion efficiency
for new functional TE materials.
“…For the PIT compound, the experimental crystal structure shows that there are nine distorted octahedral holes and are partly occupied by Pb atoms, that is, each hole occupied by only 2/3 Pb atom in a unit cell ( Z = 6). , In fact, there are six Pb atoms (9 × 2/3 = 6) in a unit cell ( Z = 6). The optimized structure constructed by 6 Pb, 36 In, and 60 Te atoms with hexagonal symmetry was used for the calculations of optical properties, as shown in Figure . The optimized and experimental structure parameters are listed in Tables S1 and S2 of Supporting Information for PGT and PIT crystals.…”
Section: Simulation Models and Theoretical Calculationsmentioning
We
develop a new method to calculate nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibility
and give a definition of the extended figure of merit (EFOM) contributed
from optical susceptibility, refractive index, and absorptions to
evaluate the material intrinsic property. The calculated phonon frequency
determines the infrared absorption coefficient and transparent cutoff
edge. We calculate the conversion efficiencies of the terahertz source
generating from chalcogenides PbM6Te10 (M =
Ga, In), based on difference frequency generation of optical process
in terms of the EFOM and experiment parameters. The calculated terahertz
light conversion efficiencies of PbGa6Te10 and
PbIn6Te10 are in the order of 10–3 to 10–2 at low side of THz wavelengths, and the
conversion efficiency of PnIn6Te10 is larger
than that of PbGa6Te10 at the same conditions.
A small terahertz wavelength and absorption coefficient and a large
nonlinear susceptibility, that is, a large EFOM will result in a large
conversion efficiency. These studies give an indication that the chalcogenides
with heavy element composites are the desired candidates as terahertz
source generation. The present work will give contributions to evaluate
and search new NLO materials as terahertz source generation.
“…Compared with phosphorus, sulfur, and selenide crystals, telluride crystals have lower phonon energy and a wider transmission range in long wave bands [8]. Ternary telluride PbIn 6 Te 10 (PIT) is a novel nonlinear optical material with a wide infrared transmission range (1.3 ~31 μm) [9], belonging to the trigonal system with space group R32 [10,11]. Theoretically, PbIn 6 Te 10 is derived from the binary telluride In 7 Te 10 , in which Te atoms surround In atoms forming a tetrahedral structure with Pb atoms replacing part of In atoms and occupying 2/3 of the Tetrahedral interstice [12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More than a decade later, in 2011, Russian researcher Avanesov investigated ternary telluride and after attempting to grow high-quality In 7 Te 10 and failing under conditions where the only structural properties were known, he focused on growing ternary PbIn 6 Te 10 [14]. High-quality single crystal with a size of f12 mm × 30 mm was grown by Czech researcher Reshak in 2016 [10]. However, it is still challenging to obtain high-quality, crack-free, and large-size single crystals.…”
The PbIn6Te10 crystal, a IR laser frequency conversion material, grown via the Bridgman method in a four-zone furnace with dimensions ϕ35mm×90mm, was subject to the investigation of its thermal expansion behavior using high-temperature X-ray diffraction in the range of 25-450 ℃. Based on the obtained data, the average thermal expansion coefficients of 15.21×10-6 K-1 for αa and 6.44×10-6 K-1 for αc were determined utilizing the least square method. The study revealed that the linear and volume thermal expansion coefficients of PbIn6Te10 crystals satisfy the relationships αa﹥αc﹥0, αV =2αa+αc, and αa increased while αc decreased with increasing temperature, accentuating a substantial anisotropy in thermal expansion between the crystal's principal axes. A detailed exploration pinpointed that the variations in the PbTe6 octahedron primarily dictated the fluctuations in the PIT unit cells, with further investigation uncovering its association with variations in the nearest neighboring bonds, which is mainly related to Pb-Te4 and Pb-Te2 bonds. Concurrently, the determination of temperature-dependent anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient α, was complemented by calculating Grüneisen parameter using Quasi-harmonic Debye model. Remarkably, these parameters also exhibited anisotropic behaviors ( increase with temperature wheras decrease, α⊥﹥α∥), contributing additional insights into the crystal's thermal characteristics.
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