Experimental and theoretical study of twin-screw extrusion of polypropylene

Carneiro, O. S.; Covas, J. A.; Vergnes, Bruno

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20001114)78:7<1419::aid-app130>3.0.co;2-b

Cited by 76 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is quite independent of the feed mass and decreases slightly with the temperature (not shown). The order of magnitude is similar to those encountered in usual extrusion processes: for example, depending on processing conditions, Carneiro et al [ 17 ] measured SME between 170 and 370 kWh/t on a Leistritz extruder (34 mm in diameter), and Berzin et al [ 18 ] reported values in the range 200–800 kWh/t on a Clextral extruder (25 mm in diameter). Our values are also in agreement with those reported by Decaen et al [ 13 ] for thermoplastic starch extruded on the same type of micro‐compounder: 125 kWh/t at 100 rpm during 5 min, corresponding to 25 kWh/t for 1 min, which is what we can see in Figure 2C.…”

Section: Experimental Studysupporting

confidence: 60%

Theoretical and experimental study of the flow of a molten polymer in a micro‐compounder

Berton

Castellani

Sardo

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Micro‐compounders are more and more used to characterize and optimize the formulations and the flow conditions of complex materials, with very low quantities, around a few grams. These machines are composed of a small‐size conical twin‐screw extruder, coupled with a recirculating channel, in which the material can be processed during a fixed time and a certain number of cycles, before being purged. However, the precise flow conditions inside these machines are not well known, what makes an optimal interpretation of the results difficult. Therefore, in this paper, a theoretical model based on continuum mechanics is proposed to calculate the flow in the recirculating mode. An experimental study on a well‐chosen polymer is carried out to define the influences of the main processing parameters (screw speed, mass of material, barrel temperature) and to validate the model. Despite the simplicity of the theoretical approach, the calculated results are in satisfactory agreement with the experiments.

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Section: Experimental Studysupporting

confidence: 60%

Theoretical and experimental study of the flow of a molten polymer in a micro‐compounder

Berton

Castellani

Sardo

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The simulation is based on a onedimensional analysis. The screws are divided into elementary For 20 years, the Ludovic R software has been extensively validated, experimentally (Carneiro et al, 2000) and by comparisons with more elaborate 3D models (Durin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Flow Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Flow Modeling to Optimize the Twin-Screw Extrusion Process for the Preparation of Lignocellulosic Fiber-Based Composites

2020

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Thermoplastic polymers reinforced by lignocellulosic fibers are increasingly used to replace conventional composites based on carbon or glass fibers. These materials are generally prepared by dispersing the fibers into the polymer matrix by melt mixing in a twin-screw extrusion process. However, during the process, a significant breakage occurs, leading to a reduction in the length, and diameter of the bundles and/or individual fibers. As the mechanical properties of the composite depend, among other, on the fiber morphology, it is important to understand and control the breakage mechanisms during the compounding process. In this paper, we show how the use of a thermomechanical model of twin-screw extrusion coupled with evolution laws of the fiber dimensions makes it possible to calculate the variation in the length and the diameter of the fibers, according to the local values of the flow parameters (shear rate, residence time, temperature, etc.). It is thus possible to define the best processing conditions (screw speed, feed rate, and barrel temperature) or the best screw profile to limit fiber degradation and prepare composites with optimal properties.

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“…Although scale-up studies via HME processes in the plastics industry is designed for high-throughput products up to 50 tons/h, the laboratory scale in pharmaceutical and/or plastic research is related to extruder sizes of approximately 30 mm in screw diameter, which translates into feed rates of approximately 4-6 kg/h [75][76][77][78]. Recently, Zeceivic et al reported a numeric process simulation-based scale-up study via HME processing using process data as well as rheological and thermal properties of the formulations.…”

Section: Scale-up Applications Via Hmementioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous manufacturing via hot-melt extrusion and scale up: regulatory matters

Maniruzzaman

Nokhodchi

2017

Drug Discovery Today

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A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Highlights  HME can be exploited in a broad range of applications for advanced drug delivery  Unique advantages to be utilised in a solvent free manufacturing platform  A means to explore the potential of continuous manufacture of pharmaceuticals  Scale-up issue considerations, from an FDA compliance point of view  HME regulatory guidelines for the manufacture of novel drug delivery systems Ali NokhodchiAli Nokhodchi is a professor of pharmaceutics and drug delivery at the University of Sussex. He has supervised over 120 Mpharm, PharmD, and MSc students and 15 PhD postgraduate students at several institutions in various fields of pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery. He is an editorial board member of over 20 peer-reviewed international journals. Ali has published over 185 research articles in various fields of pharmaceutics, including tableting, particle engineering, inhalation, nanoparticles, dissolution, skin delivery, and controlled-release formulations. In addition, he has published five book chapters on skin, controlled-release formulations, particle engineering, and inhalation products. Ali has also been the editor of a book on pulmonary delivery published by Wiley in 2015. He has been the recipient of several prizes in pharmaceutical sciences and has been listed by Essential Science Indicators in the top 1% scientists in the field of pharmacology and toxicology.Currently, because globalization, the pharmaceutical industry is facing enormous challenges to comply with regulatory matters. Reduced patent life and overall decreased profitability of newly discovered drugs are also forcing the pharmaceutical industry to shorten the drug development time with maximum throughput. Therefore, continuous manufacturing (CM) processes via hot melt extrusion (HME) can be a promising alternative for achieving these goals. HME offers solvent-free green technology with a process that is easy to scale up. Moreover, CM provides better product quality assurance compared with batch processes, with fewer labor costs and shorter time to development. In this review, we primarily focus on various aspects of CM and the emerging application of HME to bridge the current manufacturing gap in pharmaceutical sphere.

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Experimental and theoretical study of twin-screw extrusion of polypropylene

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Theoretical and experimental study of the flow of a molten polymer in a micro‐compounder

Theoretical and experimental study of the flow of a molten polymer in a micro‐compounder

Use of Flow Modeling to Optimize the Twin-Screw Extrusion Process for the Preparation of Lignocellulosic Fiber-Based Composites

Continuous manufacturing via hot-melt extrusion and scale up: regulatory matters

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