Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Hot Isostatically Pressed–Produced Stainless Steel/High Alloy Tool Steel Compound Materials

Abstract

Consolidation of tool steel powders and simultaneous joining to a stainless 316L steel are performed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Two tool steel grades are considered: a high vanadium alloyed carbon tool steel, and a high vanadium and chromium alloyed nitrogen tool steel. The boundary layer arising during diffusion bonding is in focus and, in particular, the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen over the joint. Measurements of the elemental concentration profiles and corrosion tests by the double loop-electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method are performed. Comparative calculations with the DICTRA software are performed and are found to be in agreement with the experimental results. It is found that the carbon tool steel grade has a more critical influence on the corrosion resistance of the stainless 316L steel in comparison to the nitrogen tool steel grade.

Hard Cladding by Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering: An Experimental and Simulation Study on Martensitic Stainless Steels

“…These include sinter cladding, directed energy deposition processes, diffusion bonding and welding among others. [5][6][7][8][9][10] These approaches involve the overlay of material on the functional surface of the parent components or parts. The overlaid material can be of either similar or superior properties to that of the parent substrate material.…”

Compound materials by PM-HIP

“…Excellent metallurgical bonding was observed, and it was also noted that the diffusion of elements caused changes in the phase compositions in the interface region. Lindwall et al 2 studied the bonding of two different tool steels with 316L stainless steel. The tool steels were applied as gas atomised powders onto a solid piece of stainless steel, and the powder was compacted and joined to the stainless steel by HIP.…”

“…To predict the possible reaction products during the diffusion, computational techniques are valuable. Lindwall et al 2 showed that the computational predictions of the diffusion could explain and predict the large difference in the interface reactions between a nitrogen alloyed tool steel and a carbon alloyed tool steel when joined to a stainless steel. Similar computational techniques, with experimental validation, will be used in the present work to test the possibilities to use compound structures produced by HIP joining of a gas atomised powder with a cast steel for applications in gear box bearings in wind turbines.…”