Experimental and theoretical investigation of stress corrosion crack (SCC) growth of polyethylene pipes

Choi, Byoung Ho; Chudnovsky, A.; Paradkar, Rajesh P.; Michie, William; Zhou, Zhiwei; Cham, Pak Meng

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.016

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One may consider that the main difference between chemical attack and stress cracking would be the occurrence (or not) of chemical reaction, as ESC has been related to a purely physical phenomenon, whereas chemical attack to the occurrence of chemical reaction between the polymer and the fluid, causing in some cases molecular degradation. 10,11 However, some authors considered that the stress cracking agent may also cause chemical attack to the polymer. [12][13][14] In this respect, we understand that the difference between the two phenomena is not the occurrence of chemical reactions but the presence or not of a mechanical stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress cracking and chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in NaOH aqueous solutions

Teófilo

Silva

Rabello

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Stress cracking is one of the most frequent causes of premature failure of polymers, affecting also engineering polymers like PET. In this work, the stress cracking behavior of injection moulded PET was investigated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solutions in various concentrations as active fluids. The application of mechanical load to the sample bars was done in a tensile testing machine, using the ordinary tensile test and also a relaxation procedure. The results showed that all NaOH solutions were aggressive stress cracking agents for PET, reducing mechanical properties and causing catastrophic failure with a significant surface damage. The occurrence of hydrolysis reactions was also observed when NaOH solutions were applied in combination with tensile loads, causing a reduction in molar mass of PET molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress cracking and chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in NaOH aqueous solutions

Teófilo

Silva

Rabello

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Different phenomena were already reported in the literature about the failure of HDPE pipes. Swelling, microcracks and plasticization are common problems related to the aging of polymers [3,4]. According Ward et al [5], the different mechanisms can often coexist in HDPE due to the semicrystalline morphology of the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep behavior of high density polyethylene after aging in contact with different oil derivates

Habas-Ulloa¹,

d’Almeida²,

Habas³

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The creep behavior of a high density polyethylene (HDPE), currently used as raw material for pipe manufacture, was evaluated before and after exposure to oil derivates using transient rheometry. The creep behavior of the original HDPE was satisfactorily described using a generalized Kelvin-Voigt model based on two retardation times. The values of these critical times were quite different from each other, indicating a large distribution of macromolecular weight. The aging procedure was performed by immersing the polymer in two model fluids chosen to discriminate and understand the action of aromatic and paraffinic fractions of fuel derivatives (white oil, gas-oil). The batch operation was also carried out at two different temperatures to investigate the thermal activation of plausible degrading mechanisms. In the case of the aging performed in the paraffinic fluid, the polymer compliance continuously increased with the immersion duration. This behavior was attributed to a plasticization induced by the diffusion of the liquid in the polymer matrix. The same phenomenon was observed in the early stage of the HDPE aging carried out with the aromatic fluid.

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“…These three subzones make equally important contributions to SCC growth. Choi and Chudnovsky [8,21] briefly discussed the thermodynamic approach to modeling of SCC propagation based on the CL concept. However, the details of the model and most importantly comparison with experimental data have not been reported yet.…”

Section: B Scc Driving Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation and Modeling of Stress Corrosion Cracking in High Pressure Gas Pipe Steel

Choi

Chudnovsky

2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is commonly observed to form a colony of closely spaced multiple cracks. Four stages of SCC colony evolution are discussed. The first is the colony initiation stage (CIS), which is associated with formation of corrosion pits randomly distributed over a certain domain of the surface exposed to an aggressive environment. Electrochemical processes play a leading role in CIS. The individual crack growth (ICG) driven by a combination of mechanical stresses and electrochemical processes constitutes the second stage. At the end of the second stage, the individual cracks reach certain proximity of one another resulting in much crack interaction. This becomes a transition to the third, strong crack interaction and clusters formation, stage. Cluster growth and individual crack or a cluster instability leading to the ultimate failure constitute the final, fourth stage of the SCC evolution process. In this article, we present observations and a general approach to modeling the first two stages of SCC, i.e., CIS and ICG, that together constitute the major part of the total lifetime of an engineering structure serving under SCC conditions. A computer simulation of individual SC crack growth is developed and compared with a large set of SCC observation data.

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of stress corrosion crack (SCC) growth of polyethylene pipes

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Stress cracking and chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in NaOH aqueous solutions

Stress cracking and chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in NaOH aqueous solutions

Creep behavior of high density polyethylene after aging in contact with different oil derivates

Observation and Modeling of Stress Corrosion Cracking in High Pressure Gas Pipe Steel

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