Experimental and theoretical investigation of contact resistance in molten carbonate fuel cells

Properties of ZrO2:3 mol % Y2O3–(Na,K)2CO3–(Li,Na,K)2CO3 Triple-Layer Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Ion Permeation

“…15−18 The total efficiency depends on the ionic conductivity of both solid and liquid phases, the eutectic composition, and the overall conductivity of the membrane. 19 During operation of the dual membrane, the species to be permeated, namely, the carbon dioxide ions, diffuses through the pores of the solid matrix due to concentration gradients between the feed and the permeated sides of the membrane. Oxygen is permeated by ionic conduction through the O 2− ion vacancies of the crystalline structure with high mobility at the melting point of the infiltrated carbonates.…”

“…The solid phase, an oxygen ion conductor, is the support for a molten eutectic composition of alkaline carbonates and a carbon dioxide ion conductor, leading to composite membranes able to permeate CO 2 . − This ability is due to their improved selectivity and permeability as well as chemical and physical stability. Moreover, they have significant ion conductivity due to the nature of their constituent phases. − The total efficiency depends on the ionic conductivity of both solid and liquid phases, the eutectic composition, and the overall conductivity of the membrane . During operation of the dual membrane, the species to be permeated, namely, the carbon dioxide ions, diffuses through the pores of the solid matrix due to concentration gradients between the feed and the permeated sides of the membrane.…”