“…The principle of rotational piezoelectric energy harvesting operation is based on the PZT plucking for excitation, which results in PZT bending, vibration, or pressing, and thus voltage is generated. Researchers have used different excitation elements in rotational piezoelectric energy harvestings, such as mass [28,31], magnetic [33][34][35] centrifugal force [36,37], gravitational force [38][39][40], and gear teeth force [41,42] or a compilation of these elements [26,43,44]. They have also applied these elements to widen the broadband range [14,45,46] or for frequency up-conversion [6,43,47] and rotational frequency, which is considered to be low in some cases compared to piezoelectric resonant frequency.…”
Section: Of 25mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In some cases, the wiring for output power transfer is still an issue because the PZT is rotating with the system and thus a slip ring or any other wireless transfer is needed, which makes the device more complicated [2,25,27,[48][49][50]. Also, the heavy and rapid repetitive bending or striking on the PZT with the direct excitation contact can be considered an issue because it will reduce its lifetime; however, this can be avoided in different ways [35].…”
In the present study, a rotational piezoelectric (PZT) energy harvester has been designed, fabricated and tested. The design can enhance output power by frequency up-conversion and provide the desired output power range from a fixed input rotational speed by increasing the interchangeable planet cover numbers which is the novelty of this work. The prototype ability to harvest energy has been evaluated with four experiments, which determine the effect of rotational speed, interchangeable planet cover numbers, the distance between PZTs, and PZTs numbers. Increasing rotational speed shows that it can increase output power. However, increasing planet cover numbers can increase the output power without the need to increase speed or any excitation element. With the usage of one, two, and four planet cover numbers, the prototype is able to harvest output power of 0.414 mW, 0.672 mW, and 1.566 mW, respectively, at 50 kΩ with 1500 rpm, and 6.25 Hz bending frequency of the PZT. Moreover, when three cantilevers are used with 35 kΩ loads, the output power is 6.007 mW, and the power density of piezoelectric material is 9.59 mW/cm3. It was concluded that the model could work for frequency up-conversion and provide the desired output power range from a fixed input rotational speed and may result in a longer lifetime of the PZT.
“…The principle of rotational piezoelectric energy harvesting operation is based on the PZT plucking for excitation, which results in PZT bending, vibration, or pressing, and thus voltage is generated. Researchers have used different excitation elements in rotational piezoelectric energy harvestings, such as mass [28,31], magnetic [33][34][35] centrifugal force [36,37], gravitational force [38][39][40], and gear teeth force [41,42] or a compilation of these elements [26,43,44]. They have also applied these elements to widen the broadband range [14,45,46] or for frequency up-conversion [6,43,47] and rotational frequency, which is considered to be low in some cases compared to piezoelectric resonant frequency.…”
Section: Of 25mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In some cases, the wiring for output power transfer is still an issue because the PZT is rotating with the system and thus a slip ring or any other wireless transfer is needed, which makes the device more complicated [2,25,27,[48][49][50]. Also, the heavy and rapid repetitive bending or striking on the PZT with the direct excitation contact can be considered an issue because it will reduce its lifetime; however, this can be avoided in different ways [35].…”
In the present study, a rotational piezoelectric (PZT) energy harvester has been designed, fabricated and tested. The design can enhance output power by frequency up-conversion and provide the desired output power range from a fixed input rotational speed by increasing the interchangeable planet cover numbers which is the novelty of this work. The prototype ability to harvest energy has been evaluated with four experiments, which determine the effect of rotational speed, interchangeable planet cover numbers, the distance between PZTs, and PZTs numbers. Increasing rotational speed shows that it can increase output power. However, increasing planet cover numbers can increase the output power without the need to increase speed or any excitation element. With the usage of one, two, and four planet cover numbers, the prototype is able to harvest output power of 0.414 mW, 0.672 mW, and 1.566 mW, respectively, at 50 kΩ with 1500 rpm, and 6.25 Hz bending frequency of the PZT. Moreover, when three cantilevers are used with 35 kΩ loads, the output power is 6.007 mW, and the power density of piezoelectric material is 9.59 mW/cm3. It was concluded that the model could work for frequency up-conversion and provide the desired output power range from a fixed input rotational speed and may result in a longer lifetime of the PZT.
“…This plucking could be done using different excitation elements. Researchers have used various excitation elements in RPZTEH such as magnetic [52][53][54], mass weight [44,49], gravitational force [55][56][57] centrifugal force [58,59], and gears teeth force [60,61], or a compilation of these elements [42,62,63]. They have utilised these elements for frequency up-conversion of rotational frequency, which is considered lower in general than the piezoelectric resonant frequency [9,62,64], or widen the broadband range [20,65,66].…”
Rotational Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (RPZTEH) is widely used due to mechanical rotational input power availability in industrial and natural environments. This paper reviews the recent studies and research in RPZTEH based on its excitation elements and design and their influence on performance. It presents different groups for comparison according to their mechanical inputs and applications, such as fluid (air or water) movement, human motion, rotational vehicle tires, and other rotational operational principal including gears. The work emphasises the discussion of different types of excitations elements, such as mass weight, magnetic force, gravity force, centrifugal force, gears teeth, and impact force, to show their effect on enhancing output power. It revealed that a small compact design with the use of magnetic, gravity, and centrifugal forces as excitation elements and a fixed piezoelectric to avoid a slip ring had a good influence on output power optimisation. One of the interesting designs that future works should focus on is using gear for frequency up-conversion to enhance output power density and keep the design simple and compact.
“…In addition, batteries are used to support the functionality of the test and debugging unit during the field-testing phase [12]. However, while increasing the life and safety of the sensor system, harvesters can also serve as a unique source without a battery [13].…”
In most places with energy transmission, data of the line can be obtained with sensors. However, in recent years, the energy requirement of sensors has been met through harvesters. The electrical power required for sensor systems can be provided through electromagnetic fields around the line, especially through the electrical power transmission line or energy-carrying cable systems. In this study, numerical analysis of the harvester with toroidal coil, which was intended to be used for sensor feeds, was performed using Ansys Maxwell. In addition, experimental studies of the harvesters with toroidal core were carried out. The results were compared with some studies in the literature. Considering line current and saturation effects, it was seen that the studied toroid models were appropriate for home sensor applications.
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