“…Recent research has shown that the refinement of tungsten grain size can improve its mechanical properties, such as the enhancement of its ductility [9][10][11][12]. Many methods have been proposed to refine the grain size, such as equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) [13,14], high-pressure torsion (HPT) [15,16], accumulative roll bonding (ARB) [17,18], surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) [19,20], and high-energy ball milling [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”