Experimental and numerical study on the evaporation rates of liquid fuels using a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Beji, Tarek; Helson, Olivier; Rogaume, Thomas; Luche, Jocelyn

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103317

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Different designs of controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC) have been set up in laboratories [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] to study the flammability parameters of various polymers, for example, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS), as well as the smoke produced by under-ventilated and vitiated fires. The tests in CACC imply that phenomena can be controlled by both ventilation and vitiation of the gas supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction to fire of polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinylchloride under reduced oxygen concentrations in a controlled-atmospherecone calorimeter

Chatenet

Authier

Bourbigot

et al. 2022

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Electrical cable sheaths are the most abundant fire load in nuclear power plants, mainly in rooms that are kept in under slight pressure. This configuration leads fires to grow in under-ventilated and vitiated conditions. Assessing fire threat involves characterizing the heat released, responsible for fire growth, and the smoke evolved, which may interact with sensitive components in the area. For that purpose, a revisited controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter has been designed, set up, and coupled to a Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer and an electrical low-pressure impactor to measure simultaneously the evolved gases and aerosols, respectively. This bench-scale apparatus has been first qualified with polymethylmethacrylate. It has second been used to characterize polyvinylchloride cable sheath representative material reaction to fire in under-ventilated and vitiated conditions. It appeared that vitiation in under-ventilated fires lowers the heat release rate and the fuel mass loss rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction to fire of polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinylchloride under reduced oxygen concentrations in a controlled-atmospherecone calorimeter

Chatenet

Authier

Bourbigot

et al. 2022

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter: A Literature Review

2023

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Cone calorimeters are widely used to assess heat release parameters and flammability of combustible materials, but their use is limited for applications where the global equivalence ratio (GER) exceeds one, because they can only replicate burning in open conditions. The standardisation of the controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC) in the ISO/TS 5660-5:2020 offers an opportunity to investigate the potential advantages and limitations of this apparatus. This paper presents a detailed review of existing studies conducted using the CACC. The review is aimed at examining the importance of atmospheric control for bench-scale experimental methods and the research-based development of key features of the apparatus. In addition, it highlights the research yet to be carried out to optimise the use of CACC as a tool in fire science. The effects of various design parameters are discussed including the method used for GER control, the chimney, the chamber, the gas inflow rate and others. Despite standardisation, it is concluded that there is limited consensus on optimal CACC control variables. A lack of consensus has led to significantly different testing conditions even where researchers use the same materials and have similar research objectives. The lack of best practice, particularly with regards to a gas sampling location and the method of GER control, motivates the need for further research so as to improve the value of data collected, reduce uncertainty and optimise CACC reproducibility.

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