Experimental and Numerical Study of Carbon-Dioxide Dissociation for Mars Atmospheric Entry

Lin, Xin; Chen, L. Z.; Li, J. P.; Li, F.; Yu, Xilong

doi:10.2514/1.t5152

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The interest on CO 2 plasma, however, has a long history starting from the 1960s with a wide variety of applications, ranging from CO 2 lasers [18], to astrophysical observations [19,20], surface treatment processes on carbon-containing substrates [21][22][23][24][25][26] and polymer deposition [27][28][29], or the design of spacecraft shields for planetary atmosphere entry [30,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Recently, also the possibility of in situ oxygen production from the CO 2 present locally in the atmosphere is being developed for futuristic human mission to Mars [2,[37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

et al. 2021

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Numerous applications have required the study of CO2 plasmas since the 1960s, from CO2 lasers to spacecraft heat shields. However, in recent years, intense research activities on the subject have restarted because of environmental problems associated with CO2 emissions. The present review provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on the physical chemistry of cold CO2 plasmas. In particular, the different modeling approaches implemented to address specific aspects of CO2 plasmas are presented. Throughout the paper, the importance of conducting joint experimental, theoretical and modeling studies to elucidate the complex couplings at play in CO2 plasmas is emphasized. Therefore, the experimental data that are likely to bring relevant constraints to the different modeling approaches are first reviewed. Second, the calculation of some key elementary processes obtained with semi-empirical, classical and quantum methods is presented. In order to describe the electron kinetics, the latest coherent sets of cross section satisfying the constraints of "electron swarm" analyses are introduced, and the need for self-consistent calculations for determining accurate electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is evidenced. The main findings of the latest zero-dimensional (0D) global models about the complex chemistry of CO2 and its dissociation products in different plasma discharges are then given, and full state-to-state (STS) models of only the vibrational-dissociation kinetics developed for studies of spacecraft shields are described. Finally, two important points for all applications using CO2 containing plasma are discussed: the role of surfaces in contact with the plasma, and the need for 2D/3D models to capture the main features of complex reactor geometries including effects induced by fluid dynamics on the plasma properties. In addition to bringing together the latest advances in the description of CO2 non-equilibrium plasmas, the results presented here also highlight the fundamental data that are still missing and the possible routes that still need to be investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

et al. 2021

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“…These plasma sources and others have been listed and compared in terms of conversion efficiency in several review articles [19][20][21]. Other applications of CO 2 plasmas include polymer deposition at low pressure [22][23][24], planetary atmosphere entry studies [25][26][27][28][29][30] and oxygen production from the Martian atmosphere composed of almost pure CO 2 at a few hundreds of Pa [4,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen atom kinetics in CO₂ plasmas ignited in a DC glow discharge

Morillo-Candas

Drag

Booth

et al. 2019

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

125

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Oxygen atom densities were measured in situ in a CO 2 glow discharge, at pressures between 0.2 and 5 Torr . Two measurement techniques were compared, namely optical emission actinometry (using Ar as the actinometer) and High-Resolution Two-photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (HR-TALIF) normalised to Xe, and were found to give consistent results. The variation of the atomic oxygen density with gas pressure shows two different regimes with a transition around 1 Torr. Measurements of the O atom loss frequency under plasma exposure showed that this behaviour is caused by a change in the O atom loss mechanisms, which are dominated by surface processes in our experimental conditions. The corresponding recombination probabilities on Pyrex γ O are found to vary with the gas temperature near the wall for a constant surface temperature, similarly to what has recently been obtained in pure O 2 . However, the measured values are more than two times lower than γ O obtained in a O 2 plasma in similar conditions. The O atom densities are also compared to the dissociation fraction of CO 2 determined by infra-red absorption. The obtained CO and O densities show different behaviour as a function of the energy input. The simultaneous measurement of gas temperature, electric field, O, CO and CO 2 densities and O atoms loss frequency in the same conditions provides an ideal set of constraints for validating CO 2 plasma kinetic models.

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“…In this regard, low temperature plasmas are believed to present some advantages over the traditional CO 2 thermal dissociation in terms of efficiency [3] and adaptability to intermittent energy sources [4,5]. Other possible applications of CO 2 plasmas are CO 2 lasers [6], study of spacecraft entry in planetary atmospheres [7][8][9][10], oxygen extraction from Mars atmosphere [11][12][13] or surface processing [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational kinetics of CO₂ and CO revealed by the use of a large surface area material

Morillo-Candas¹,

Klarenaar²,

Amoedo³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO is studied in a DC glow discharge at reduced pressure by means of in situ FTIR spectroscopy. For this study we used two SiO2-based surface configurations: a smooth Pyrex discharge tube and a large specific surface material. The larger surface area enhances the O atom surface recombination into O2, the dominant O atom loss mechanism in our discharge conditions. The O atom density is thus reduced down to 5%–10% of the density measured with the smooth Pyrex tube, without changing significantly any other relevant plasma parameter (such as reduced electric field, gas temperature or dissociation fraction). The experimental results show a remarkable increase of the vibrational excitation of both CO2 and CO with the large surface material, i.e. low O atom density, demonstrating that atomic oxygen is a strong quencher of the vibrations of both species. In addition we show that, contrary to what could be expected, the use of large specific surfaces does not necessarily lead to lower vibrational excitation. In our experimental conditions, the possible enhanced de-excitation at the surface is compensated by the removal of oxygen atoms. Therefore these experimental results also demonstrate that large surfaces, catalytic or not, may have a significant impact on the plasma kinetics by affecting the recombination of gas phase species.

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Carbon-Dioxide Dissociation for Mars Atmospheric Entry

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Oxygen atom kinetics in CO₂ plasmas ignited in a DC glow discharge

Effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational kinetics of CO₂ and CO revealed by the use of a large surface area material

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Carbon-Dioxide Dissociation for Mars Atmospheric Entry

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Oxygen atom kinetics in CO2 plasmas ignited in a DC glow discharge

Effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO revealed by the use of a large surface area material

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Product

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Oxygen atom kinetics in CO₂ plasmas ignited in a DC glow discharge

Effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational kinetics of CO₂ and CO revealed by the use of a large surface area material