Experimental and numerical study of ammonia leakage and dispersion in a food factory

Tan, Wei; Du, Huang; Liu, Liyan; Su, Tong; Liu, Xuanya

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2017.03.005

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The findings of Tan et al’s study on the simulation of ammonia emissions in the environment showed that wind speed is the most important parameter in determining the amount and range of ammonia dispersion. 5 It was also found that in the first 6 months of the year, the distances of 1846.78 and 3839.24 m from the reservoir were at the levels of ERPG2 and ERPG1, respectively, and in the last 6 months of the year, the distances of 1486.30 and 7092.28 m from the reservoir were in the range of ERPG2 and ERPG1 levels, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In 2013, an ammonia leak at a food factory in China killed 120 people and poisoned more than 60 employees.5 Many studies on the modeling of the consequences of the ammonia dispersion in the environment and its toxicity have shown the importance of this issue. 5 11 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This material is especially effective in the range of 0 to 30°C and is therefore widely used for food preservation. 5 The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists announced that the allowable time-weight average and short-term exposure limit for ammonia are 25 and 35 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, there is not any 50% lethal dose (LD50) for ammonia exposure for humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the toxic effects of ammonia dispersion: consequence analysis of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse

et al. 2021

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Ammonia is a toxic compound and has many toxic effects on humans and the environment. This study was designed to model the consequences of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse. Given the potential hazard of ammonia, only the toxic dimension of this gas was evaluated. The scenarios were evaluated in the worst possible condition and in the case of the complete rupture. Findings showed that in case of a catastrophic rupture scenario in reservoir 1 in the first and second 6 months of the year, the distances of 920.37 and 569.38 m from the reservoir in the wind direction were at Emergency Response Planning Guidelines, level 3 (ERPG3), respectively. In reservoir 2, in the first and second 6 months of the year, the distances of 699.58 and 384.86 m from the reservoir were at the ERPG3 level, respectively. In reservoir 3, in the first and second 6 months of the year, the distances of 203.48 and 748.28 m from the reservoir were at the ERPG3 level, respectively. Examination of the probit values showed that in reservoirs 1 and 2, the probit values were more than 4.28 up to 100 m from the reservoirs, and in the reservoir 3, the mortality rates were lower. The findings revealed that the catastrophic rupture of ammonia reservoirs in the studied slaughterhouse and the release of ammonia could lead to the fatality of large numbers of people in ERPG2 and ERPG3 areas. Therefore, it is necessary to take control measures to reduce the vulnerability against such accidents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the toxic effects of ammonia dispersion: consequence analysis of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, it is also superior in low-speed flow and the reduction of flow pattern details (Tong et al 2013), which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, the RNG k-ε model is widely used (Mu 2016(Mu , 2017Tominaga and Stathopoulos 2017;Liu et al 2017;Zhang et al 2005;Tan et al 2017).…”

Section: Turbulence Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Wind Flow Patterns and Heavy Gas Pollutants Dispersion Under Isolated Building Terrain

Fan

Gao

2021

Preprint

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Experiment and simulation were used to study the dispersion characteristics of heavy gas pollutants represented by carbon dioxide in isolated building terrain. Wind tunnel experiment and laser particle tracing technology were used to characterize the features of wind flow and the dispersion of pollutants. The influences of the distance from the building to the release source and the size of the building were explored. The results show that the height of the building has a significant effect on the wind speed and turbulence intensity on the windward and leeward sides of the building, and the side width of the building has a slightly weaker effect. The area of the recirculation region on the leeward side of the building and the barrier effect on pollutants are dominated by the windward area of the building, that is, the larger the windward area, the larger the recirculation region and the lower the concentration of pollutants on the leeward side. At the same time, the decline rate of pollutants on the windward side increases with the increase of the windward area. The heavy gas pollutants tend to spread around the building side with the wind flow, unless the distance from the building to the source is too short or the building is too long. And when the pollutants climb to the top of the building, the dispersion of them will slows down as the width of the building side increases. The RNG k-ε model was used for simulation to provide a visible result for wind flow, and its applicability and accuracy were verified.

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“…Some of the hygienic effects of this compound include irritating the nervous system, eyes, nose, and airways; fatigue; reducing blood pressure; and ovarian atrophy (Huy et al, 2018; USEPA, 2009). About 60% of the butadiene produced in the petrochemical industries are used as a monomer to make a variety of copolymers and polymers, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) granules (Sadeghi-Yarandi et al, 2020; Tan et al, 2017). In the 1980s, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reported that52,000 US workers were exposed to 1,3-butadiene, and their exposure levels ranged from 0.06 to 39 ppm (0.13 to 86.2 mg m −3 ) (Scarselli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran

et al. 2020

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1,3-Butadiene is classified as carcinogenic to humans by inhalation. This study aimed to assess cancer and non-cancer risk following occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer in Iran. Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene was measured according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1024 method. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessment were performed according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency method. The average occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene during work shifts among all participants was 560.82 ± 811.36 µg m−3. The average lifetime cancer risk (LCR) in the present study was 2.71 × 10−3; 82.2% of all exposed workers were within the definite carcinogenic risk level. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient (HQ)) among all participants was 10.82 ± 14.76. The highest LCR and HQ were observed in the safety and fire-fighting station workers with values of 7.75 × 10−3 and 36.57, respectively. The findings revealed that values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk in the majority of participants were within the definitive and unacceptable risk levels. Therefore, corrective measures are necessary to protect these workers from non-cancer and cancer risks from 1,3-butadiene exposure.

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Experimental and numerical study of ammonia leakage and dispersion in a food factory

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of the toxic effects of ammonia dispersion: consequence analysis of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse

Evaluation of the toxic effects of ammonia dispersion: consequence analysis of ammonia leakage in an industrial slaughterhouse

Study of Wind Flow Patterns and Heavy Gas Pollutants Dispersion Under Isolated Building Terrain

Cancer and non-cancer health risk assessment of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene in a petrochemical plant in Iran

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