Experimental and numerical studies of polyamide 11 and 12 surfaces modified by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment

Bahrami, Mohsen; Lavayen-Farfán, Daniel; Martínez, M. A.; Abenójar, J.

doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102154

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A trade-off is present in terms of properties since thermosetting polymer matrices typically have better mechanical properties and exhibit better fiber–matrix adhesion compared to thermoplastic matrices. Bahrami et al [ 12 ] investigated the influence of plasma treatment on the fiber–matrix adhesion in carbon fiber and hybrid carbon/flax fiber-reinforced composites, employing PA11 and PA12 as matrices. They found an increase in wettability, polar surface energy, and adhesion bonding due to the plasma treatment of PA11 and PA12 surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Thermoplastic Composites Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Waste Rods: Development and Characterization

et al. 2022

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The increasing use of carbon fiber and epoxy resin composite materials yields an increase in the amount of waste. Therefore, we present a solution consisting of composites manufactured by hot pressing, employing polyamides (either PA11 or PA12) and a mechanically recycled carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) as reinforcement. The main objectives are to study the manufacturing of those composites, to evaluate the fiber distribution, and to perform a mechanical, dynamical, and thermomechanical characterizations. The X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) shows that the fibers are well-distributed, maintaining a homogeneous fiber volume fraction across the material. The variability in the results is typical of discontinuous fiber composites in which the fibers, although oriented, are not as homogeneously distributed as in a continuous fiber composite. The mechanical and dynamic properties barely differ between the two sets of composites. A dynamic-mechanical analysis revealed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases slightly for both composites, compared to the polymers. These results illustrate the viability of the recycling and reuse route for preventing the deterioration of carbon fibers and promoting the subsequent reduction in the environmental impact by employing a thermoplastic matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Thermoplastic Composites Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Waste Rods: Development and Characterization

et al. 2022

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“…Common polymer surface treatment methods include plasma treatment, laser treatment, surface grafting, acid etching, ultraviolet irradiation and electrochemical treatment, among others. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Plasma is an ionized gas consisting of electrons, neutral particles and ions. Interactions among these species can improve surface properties, which provides a convenient and cost-effective solution for enhancing interfacial bonding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of interfacial bonding properties between thermoplastic liners and carbon fiber‐reinforced composites by atmospheric‐pressure plasma and failure mechanism study

Min

Gao

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Weak interfacial bonding properties between thermoplastic liners and carbon fiber‐reinforced composites (CFRP) can easily lead to debonding failure, which is a major challenge in development of type IV composite hydrogen storage vessels. We optimized Box–Behnken design atmospheric‐pressure plasma process parameters for maximizing interfacial bonding properties between thermoplastic liner (PA11 liner) and CFRP using Design‐Expert software. From various designs, plasma process parameters, including time (t), nozzle‐to‐specimen distance (d) and gas flow rate (r) of treatment were selected for optimization to assess the effects of their interactions on climbing drum peel (CDP), flatwise tensile (FWT) and asymmetric double cantilever beams (ADCB). The CDP strength, FWT strength and strain energy release rate (GADCB) of untreated samples were 4.2 N·mm/mm, 0.26 MPa and 87.2 J/m2, respectively. After the plasma treatment, optimum process parameters of t = 200 s, d = 12.5 mm, and r = 700 L/h were used to achieve 33.8 N·mm/mm, 2.97 MPa and 1008.4 J/m2, respectively, which were 8.0, 11.4 and 11.6 times that of untreated PA11 surface, respectively. This method has the potential for guiding thermoplastic liner surface treatment of type IV hydrogen storage vessels before winding.

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“…This highlights a higher degradation of the fibers during the compounding phase with a significant disappearance of the longest fibers and can be likely ascribed to the different nature of the polymeric matrices. Polypropylene is intrinsically nonpolar, whereas polyamides are characterized by a certain polarity that results in a stronger interaction between the amide groups of a macromolecule and the carboxylic acid group of the adjacent ones [39]. Being equal the overheating applied while compounding, the stronger interaction of PA12 macromolecules may result in a higher viscosity of the melt, which increases the bending moment exerted on the fibers and determines a higher reduction in their length.…”

Section: Filament Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Low-Filled Basalt PA12 and PP Filaments for Automotive Components

Lupone,

Tirillò,

Sarasini

et al. 2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) enables many advantages compared to traditional manufacturing techniques, but the lower mechanical performance due to the higher porosity still hinders its industrial spread in key sectors like the automotive industry. PP and PA12 filaments filled with low amounts of basalt fibers were produced in the present work to improve the poor mechanical properties inherited from the additive manufacturing technique. For both matrices, the introduction of 5 wt.% of basalt fibers allows us to achieve stiffness values comparable to injection molding ones without modifying the final weight of the manufactured components. The increased filament density compared with the neat polymers, upon the introduction of basalt fibers, is counterbalanced by the intrinsic porosity of the manufacturing technique. In particular, the final components are characterized by a 0.88 g/cm3 density for PP and 1.01 g/cm3 for PA12 basalt-filled composites, which are comparable to the 0.91 g/cm3 and 1.01 g/cm3, respectively, of the related neat matrix used in injection molding. Some efforts are still needed to fill the gap of 15–28% for PP and of 26.5% for PA12 in tensile strength compared to injection-molded counterparts, but the improvement of the fiber/matrix interface by fiber surface modification or coupling agent employment could be a feasible solution.

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Experimental and numerical studies of polyamide 11 and 12 surfaces modified by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Novel Thermoplastic Composites Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Waste Rods: Development and Characterization

Novel Thermoplastic Composites Strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Waste Rods: Development and Characterization

Optimization of interfacial bonding properties between thermoplastic liners and carbon fiber‐reinforced composites by atmospheric‐pressure plasma and failure mechanism study

3D Printing of Low-Filled Basalt PA12 and PP Filaments for Automotive Components

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