Experimental and Numerical Simulations of 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Xu, Zhanyan; Omar, Abdalla M.; Bartolo, Paulo Jorge Da Silva

doi:10.3390/ma14133546

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…For example, a study used a blend of PCL and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to fabricate a scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. The resulting scaffold exhibited similar mechanical and biological properties to native cartilage tissue [246]. iv Customization: Three-dimensional printing allows customized scaffolds to be fabricated with precise control over their shape, porosity, and interconnectivity.…”

Section: Regeneration Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising New Horizons in Medicine: Medical Advancements with Nanocomposite Manufacturing via 3D Printing

Li,

Khan,

Chen

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Three-dimensional printing technology has fundamentally revolutionized the product development processes in several industries. Three-dimensional printing enables the creation of tailored prostheses and other medical equipment, anatomical models for surgical planning and training, and even innovative means of directly giving drugs to patients. Polymers and their composites have found broad usage in the healthcare business due to their many beneficial properties. As a result, the application of 3D printing technology in the medical area has transformed the design and manufacturing of medical devices and prosthetics. Polymers and their composites have become attractive materials in this industry because of their unique mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical qualities. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art applications of polymer and its composites in the medical field using 3D printing technology. It covers the latest research developments in the design and manufacturing of patient-specific medical devices, prostheses, and anatomical models for surgical planning and training. The article also discusses the use of 3D printing technology for drug delivery systems (DDS) and tissue engineering. Various 3D printing techniques, such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and selective laser sintering (SLS), are reviewed, along with their benefits and drawbacks. Legal and regulatory issues related to the use of 3D printing technology in the medical field are also addressed. The article concludes with an outlook on the future potential of polymer and its composites in 3D printing technology for the medical field. The research findings indicate that 3D printing technology has enormous potential to revolutionize the development and manufacture of medical devices, leading to improved patient outcomes and better healthcare services.

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Section: Regeneration Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising New Horizons in Medicine: Medical Advancements with Nanocomposite Manufacturing via 3D Printing

Li,

Khan,

Chen

et al. 2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Well-defined and interconnected porous structures can be reliably made in a 3D-printed structure, which allows for easier cellular attachments and integration to the host tissues, as well as facilitating nutrient and oxygen transport [ 213 ]. Due to the involvement of CAD blueprints before the actual scaffold fabrication and its high replication accuracy, the process of integrating numerical simulations to better predict the resulting scaffold’s mechanical properties becomes easier, with a recent study reporting good agreement (~83%) between the numerical simulation and the actual experimental results [ 214 ]. This allows for potentially reduced amount of experimental work required to tailor the scaffold’s properties.…”

Section: Manufacturing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives

Marsudi

Ariski

Wibowo

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The practice of combining external stimulation therapy alongside stimuli-responsive bio-scaffolds has shown massive potential for tissue engineering applications. One promising example is the combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and electroactive scaffolds because ES could enhance cell adhesion and proliferation as well as modulating cellular specialization. Even though electroactive scaffolds have the potential to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering due to their ability to distribute ES directly to the target tissues, the development of effective electroactive scaffolds with specific properties remains a major issue in their practical uses. Conductive polymers (CPs) offer ease of modification that allows for tailoring the scaffold’s various properties, making them an attractive option for conductive component in electroactive scaffolds. This review provides an up-to-date narrative of the progress of CPs-based electroactive scaffolds and the challenge of their use in various tissue engineering applications from biomaterials perspectives. The general issues with CP-based scaffolds relevant to its application as electroactive scaffolds were discussed, followed by a more specific discussion in their applications for specific tissues, including bone, nerve, skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle scaffolds. Furthermore, this review also highlighted the importance of the manufacturing process relative to the scaffold’s performance, with particular emphasis on additive manufacturing, and various strategies to overcome the CPs’ limitations in the development of electroactive scaffolds.

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“…FDM does not require complex mechanical grinding, nor additional drying and cooling processes. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a favored material in bone tissue engineering due to its commendable biocompatibility, degradability,and manufacturability [26,27]. In this research, PCL scaffolds of various pore sizes were designed and fabricated via 3D printing to examine how the physical structure of the inserted biomaterials influence the regulation of macrophage polarization in aid of bone regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed high-precision porous scaffolds prepared by fused deposition modeling induce macrophage polarization to promote bone regeneration

Wang,

Fu,

Luo

et al. 2024

Biomed. Mater.

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Macrophage-mediated bone immune responses significantly influence the repair of bone defects when utilizing tissue-engineered scaffolds. Notably, the scaffolds' physical structure critically impacts macrophage polarization. The optimal pore size for facilitating bone repair remains a topic of debate due to the imprecision of traditional methods in controlling scaffold pore dimensions and spatial architecture. In this investigation, we utilized fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology to fabricate high-precision porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, aiming to elucidate the impact of pore size on macrophage polarization. We assessed the scaffolds' mechanical attributes and biocompatibility. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of macrophage-related genes, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cytokine secretion levels. In vitro osteogenic capacity was determined through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS). Our findings indicated that macroporous scaffolds enhanced macrophage adhesion and drove their differentiation towards the M2 phenotype. This led to the increased production of anti-inflammatory factors and a reduction in pro-inflammatory agents, highlighting the scaffolds' immunomodulatory capabilities. Moreover, conditioned media from macrophages cultured on these macroporous scaffolds bolstered the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), exhibiting superior osteogenic differentiation potential. Consequently, FDM-fabricated PCL scaffolds, with precision-controlled pore sizes, present promising prospects as superior materials for bone tissue engineering, leveraging the regulation of macrophage polarization.

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Experimental and Numerical Simulations of 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Promising New Horizons in Medicine: Medical Advancements with Nanocomposite Manufacturing via 3D Printing

Promising New Horizons in Medicine: Medical Advancements with Nanocomposite Manufacturing via 3D Printing

Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives

3D printed high-precision porous scaffolds prepared by fused deposition modeling induce macrophage polarization to promote bone regeneration

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