“…However, the key advantage of USC procedures is their short duration, expanding the application areas. For example, data on USW patterns concerning particulate composites based on thermoplastic matrices have been reported [ 66 , 67 , 68 ], in addition to which the results presented above could be adapted to develop such procedures for composites fabricated from polymer blends or hybrid polymer mixtures [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. In this way, ANN simulation performed to optimize the USW parameters for obtaining USC ‘PEI adherend/Prepreg (CF-PEI fabric)/PEI adherend’ lap joints enabled an understanding of their complex mutual influence on the functional characteristics.…”
The aim of this study was to optimize the ultrasonic consolidation (USC) parameters for ‘PEI adherend/Prepreg (CF-PEI fabric)/PEI adherend’ lap joints. For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN) simulation was carried out. Two ANNs were trained using an ultra-small data sample, which did not provide acceptable predictive accuracy for the applied simulation methods. To solve this issue, it was proposed to artificially increase the learning sample by including additional data synthesized according to the knowledge and experience of experts. As a result, a relationship between the USC parameters and the functional characteristics of the lap joints was determined. The results of ANN simulation were successfully verified; the developed USC procedures were able to form a laminate with an even regular structure characterized by a minimum number of discontinuities and minimal damage to the consolidated components.
“…However, the key advantage of USC procedures is their short duration, expanding the application areas. For example, data on USW patterns concerning particulate composites based on thermoplastic matrices have been reported [ 66 , 67 , 68 ], in addition to which the results presented above could be adapted to develop such procedures for composites fabricated from polymer blends or hybrid polymer mixtures [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. In this way, ANN simulation performed to optimize the USW parameters for obtaining USC ‘PEI adherend/Prepreg (CF-PEI fabric)/PEI adherend’ lap joints enabled an understanding of their complex mutual influence on the functional characteristics.…”
The aim of this study was to optimize the ultrasonic consolidation (USC) parameters for ‘PEI adherend/Prepreg (CF-PEI fabric)/PEI adherend’ lap joints. For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN) simulation was carried out. Two ANNs were trained using an ultra-small data sample, which did not provide acceptable predictive accuracy for the applied simulation methods. To solve this issue, it was proposed to artificially increase the learning sample by including additional data synthesized according to the knowledge and experience of experts. As a result, a relationship between the USC parameters and the functional characteristics of the lap joints was determined. The results of ANN simulation were successfully verified; the developed USC procedures were able to form a laminate with an even regular structure characterized by a minimum number of discontinuities and minimal damage to the consolidated components.
“…By using flat ED, the lap shear strength of the joint could reach 28 MPa, which might be necessary to be further enhanced by using other ways such as surface modification. Natesh [143] presented a study undertaken with an objective to establish USW process for joining polymer blends expressed to aid the eco-friendly qualities desired in manufacturing sectors. PC and ABS blends were welded after creating suitable parts with energy directors using injection molding techniques.…”
Section: New Ultrasonic Welding Application For Polymersmentioning
Ultrasonic welding (USW) is a promising method for the welds between dissimilar materials. Ultrasonic thermal welding by the third phase (TWTP) method was proposed in combination with the formation of a third phase, which was confirmed as an effective technology for polymer welding between the two dissimilar materials compared with the traditional USW. This review focused on the advances of applying the ultrasonic TWTP for thermoplastic materials. The research development on the ultrasonic TWTP of polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polylactic acid (PLA) and polyformaldehyde (POM), and PLA and PMMA are summarized according to the preparation of the third phase, welded strength, morphologies of rupture surfaces, thermal stability, and others. The review aimed at providing guidance for using ultrasonic TWTP in polymers and a basic understanding of the welding mechanism, i.e., interdiffusion and molecular motion mechanisms between the phases.
“…From plumbing to water storage, engineering to marine applications, the usage of thermoplastics has been under paramount focus in the real-life scenario, paving their way toward the core of the modern-day economy. [1][2][3] With the ever-ascending usage of thermoplastics in water supply and storage, 4 research and innovation in the field of joining thermoplastics with water (as a surrounding medium) is greatly emphasized. Generally, welding and repair work of water supply and storage components requires dry conditions or complete draining out of the water.…”
Thermoplastics hold utmost importance in the day-to-day life of modern-day society, being widely employed in water transport and storage vessels commonly made from thermoplastics such as PVC, i.e., polyvinyl chloride, and PP, i.e., polypropylene. This urge for a joining technique is applicable even with water in the vessel or the submerged case. The present investigation explores ultrasonic welding as an option to weld thermoplastics in water-submerged conditions. We have performed FEM simulations and experimental validation to prove the viability of the proposed ultrasonic welding process used in welding PVC and PP in water-submerged conditions. The discussed results demonstrate a decrease in melting and degradation of adherend material at the weld interface while welding PVC and PP in water-submerged conditions and attaining 65.78% and 107% of weld strength, unlike their open-air counterparts, respectively.
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