Experimental and numerical investigations of bonding interface behavior in stationary shoulder friction stir lap welding

Wen, Quan; Li, W.Y.; Wang, W.B.; Wang, F.F.; Gao, Yan; Patel, Vivek

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2018.09.028

Cited by 56 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The bobbin tool [92] and the stationary shoulder tool are considered as a strategic variant of FSW, which have distinct benefits over the conventional FSW tool. Stationary shoulder tool offers low heat input during welding and processing [93][94][95] and would benefit Al alloy dissimilar joints [96].…”

Section: Bobbing Tool and Stationary Shoulder Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Combinations: State-of-the-Art

Patel

Wang

et al. 2019

Metals

103

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Friction stir welding (FSW) has enjoyed great success in joining aluminum alloys. As lightweight structures are designed in higher numbers, it is only natural that FSW is being explored to join dissimilar aluminum alloys. The use of different aluminum alloy combinations in applications offers the combined benefit of cost and performance in the same component. This review focuses on the application of FSW in dissimilar aluminum alloy combinations in order to disseminate research this topic. The review details published works on FSWed dissimilar aluminum alloys. The detailed summary of literature lists welding parameters for the different aluminum alloy combinations. Furthermore, auxiliary welding parameters such as positioning of the alloy, tool rotation speed, welding speed and tool geometry are discussed. Microstructural features together with joint mechanical properties, like hardness and tensile strength measurements, are presented. At the end, new directions for the joining of dissimilar aluminum alloy combinations should guide further research to extend as well as to improve the process, which is expected to raise further interest on the topic.

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Section: Bobbing Tool and Stationary Shoulder Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Combinations: State-of-the-Art

Patel

Wang

et al. 2019

Metals

103

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“…Recently, stationary shoulder FSW (S-FSW) was proposed by The Welding Institute (TWI) to solve the above problems [8]. The tool of S-FSW consists of a nonrotational shoulder (namely stationary shoulder) and a rotational pin, almost no frictional heat input is produced by the stationary shoulder, and meanwhile, the frictional heat input of rotational pin is nearly linear, as a result, the gradients in the temperature and microstructures across the thickness can be significantly reduced [9]. Furthermore, the smooth joint surface can also be obtained due to the scraping effect of the stationary shoulder [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation on Conventional and Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding of Al-7075 Butt-Lap Structure

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Metals

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Both conventional friction stir welding (C-FSW) and stationary shoulder friction stir welding (S-FSW) were employed to join the Al-7075 butt-lap structure, then the microstructural evolution and mechanical characterization of all FSW joints were systematically studied. The C-FSW joint exhibited a rough surface with flashes and arc corrugations, while the surface of the S-FSW joint became smooth. Moreover, for the S-FSW joint, the shoulder-affected zone got eliminated and the material flow mode during FSW was changed owning to the application of stationary shoulder. Furthermore, in comparison to C-FSW, the lower welding heat input of S-FSW decreased the average grain size in the nugget zone and inhibited the coarsening of strengthening precipitates in the heat-affected zone, elevating the overall hardness for the S-FSW joint. In addition, the tensile strength of the S-FSW joint became higher compared to the C-FSW joint, and all the FSW joints failed inside the nugget zone attributing to the existence of hook defect. The sharp-angled hook defect deteriorated the plasticity of the C-FSW joint further, which was only 70% that of the S-FSW joint.

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“…Those effects, namely deformation and heat, cause the dynamic recrystallization to occur in the stir zone, making the microstructure to change in this region [16]. The intense plastic deformation and sufficient heat input cause the dynamic recrystallization process to occur in a large area [38]. The stir zone is the region where the dynamic recrystallization is actively formed by the co-effect of high temperature and plastic deformation, and the grains in this region are finer in comparison to those of grains observed in other zones [39,40].…”

Section: Microstructural Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of tool rotational speed and welding speed are accepted to be the key factors in determining the amount of heat input as reported elsewhere [38,[41][42][43]. A low amount of heat input originated from lower values of tool rotational speed may cause inadequate plastic deformation to occur, resulting in defective stir zone and accordingly causing the mechanical properties to get worsen [41].…”

Section: Microstructural Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pin offset on the mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA 6013 aluminum alloy plates

Kasman

Ozan²

2019

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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In this study, AA 6013 aluminum plates were butt‐welded with friction stir welding via pin offset technique. Macrostructural observations revealed that kissing bonds, originated from the broken oxide layers, were found to occur in the welded joints. The fracture location of welded joints after tensile tests was found to be outside the joint area, revealing that kissing bonds which were formed in the stir zone exhibited no detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of joints. Microstructural observations revealed that phases belonging to Mg2Si, Al4Cu2Mg8Si7 and Al(MnFe)Si were observed in the x‐ray diffraction pattern of friction stir welded joints. The highest tensile strength with a value of 206 MPa was achieved with the process parameters of 1.5 mm pin offset towards the advancing side and 500 min−1 tool rotational speed, leading the ratio of tensile strength of joint to ultimate tensile strength of base metal, also known as joint efficiency, to reach 74 %.

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Experimental and numerical investigations of bonding interface behavior in stationary shoulder friction stir lap welding

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Combinations: State-of-the-Art

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Combinations: State-of-the-Art

A Comparative Investigation on Conventional and Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding of Al-7075 Butt-Lap Structure

Effect of pin offset on the mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA 6013 aluminum alloy plates

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