Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer and phase change phenomena during excimer laser interaction with nickel

Xu, Xianfan; Chen, G.; Song, Kevin H

doi:10.1016/s0017-9310(98)00272-5

Cited by 56 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…5. The melt depth continues to increase Table 1 Thermophysical and optical properties of nickel [7,15,17,18,[20][21][22] Solid thermal conductivity (W/m K) 298 after the laser pulse has ended at 50 ps due to heat diffusion away from the near surface region. At the highest fluence used, the maximum melt depth has reached 70 nm at 200 ps, while the depth of material removed by evaporation is less than 0.1 nm, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(9) is the result of a back-flow of approximately 18% of the evaporated atoms to the surface, which is obtained from solving the conservation equations [16]. The saturation pressure is given by a modified Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which incorporates the temperature dependence of the enthalpy of vaporization [17] P sat ðT Þ ¼ P amb exp…”

Section: Governing Equations and Phase Change Interface Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat transfer and phase change during picosecond laser ablation of nickel

Willis

2002

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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This work investigates heat transfer and phase change during picosecond laser ablation of nickel. In this study, ablation of nickel is studied using a mode-locked 25 ps (FWHM) Nd:YAG laser. The threshold fluence for mass removal (ablation) is experimentally determined. Numerical calculations of the transient temperature distribution and kinetics of the solid-liquid and liquid-vapor phase change interfaces are performed. The results show that evaporation is negligible at the free surface, resulting in superheating of liquid to near 0.9T cr , at which temperature homogeneous nucleation will result in an explosive phase transformation, removing part of the molten layer. Ó

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Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Governing Equations and Phase Change Interface Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat transfer and phase change during picosecond laser ablation of nickel

Willis

2002

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…Now, we shall present the surface deformation of the ablation Cr film surface, when the energy of the femtosecond laser is slightly above the ablation threshold. In this case, the Cr film will be destroyed and the central part of the ablated Cr film will be ejected from the surface, leading to the formation of the ablation area [34,35], which can be easily detected by optical interferometry. Figure 6(a) shows the initial hologram reflected from Cr film without pump pulses, in the RMI.…”

Section: B Damaged Deformation Above the Ablation Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond off-axis digital holography for monitoring dynamic surface deformation

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2010

Appl. Opt.

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We present a femtosecond off-axis digital holography for investigating the dynamic reversible surface change of a metal film induced by femtosecond laser pulses with fluences near the ablation threshold. A reflection Michelson interferometer (RMI) and a transmission Mach-Zehnder interferometer (TMZI) are integrated in the same setup for recording digital holograms. The RMI is used to measure the laserinduced surface deformation of the metal film, while the TMZI is used to analyze the refraction index change of the metal film induced by the femtosecond laser pulses. Experimental results show that both surface modification and refraction index change of chromium metal film can be observed when femtosecond laser pulses are below and above the ablation threshold. Based on the experimental results, the physical processes of the metal induced by femtosecond laser pulses are given qualitatively.

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“…Various descriptions of melting, resolidification, surface vaporization, and ablation can be incorporated into such models, albeit at a rather simplified level. In particular, laser melting and resolidification are often described with a phase-change model based on an assumption of local equilibrium at the solid-liquid interface (heat-flow limited, interface kinetics formulated within the framework of the Stephan problem), e.g., [37][38][39], or using a kinetic equation relating the interface velocity to the interface temperature, e.g., [40][41][42][43][44]. The latter nonequilibrium kinetic description has been shown to be necessary for subnanosecond pulses, when a fast thermal energy flow to/from the liquid-solid interface creates conditions for significant overheating/undercooling of the interface [43,44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions

Zhigilei

Lin

Ivanov

et al. 2009

Laser-Surface Interactions for New Materials Production

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Summary. Molecular/atomic-level computer modeling of laser-materials interactions is playing an increasingly important role in the investigation of complex and highly nonequilibrium processes involved in short-pulse laser processing and surface modification. This chapter provides an overview of recent progress in the development of computational methods for simulation of laser interactions with organic materials and metals. The capabilities, advantages, and limitations of the molecular dynamics simulation technique are discussed and illustrated by representative examples. The results obtained in the investigations of the laser-induced generation and accumulation of crystal defects, mechanisms of laser melting, photomechanical effects and spallation, as well as phase explosion and massive material removal from the target (ablation) are outlined and related to the irradiation conditions and properties of the target material. The implications of the computational predictions for practical applications, as well as for the theoretical description of the laser-induced processes are discussed. IntroductionShort-pulse lasers are used in a diverse range of applications, from advanced materials processing, cutting, drilling, and surface micro-and nanostructuring [1,2] to pulsed-laser deposition of thin films and coatings [3], laser surgery [4,5], and artwork restoration [6,7], and to the exploration of the conditions for inertial confinement fusion, with the world's most energetic laser system being built at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [8]. At the fundamental science level, short-pulse laser irradiation has the ability to bring material into a highly nonequilibrium state and provides a unique opportunity to probe the material behavior under extreme conditions. In particular, optical pump-probe experiments have been used to investigate transient changes in the electronic structure of the irradiated surface with high (often subpicosecond) temporal resolution [9][10][11][12][13], whereas recent advances in time-resolved X-ray and electron diffraction

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Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer and phase change phenomena during excimer laser interaction with nickel

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Heat transfer and phase change during picosecond laser ablation of nickel

Heat transfer and phase change during picosecond laser ablation of nickel

Femtosecond off-axis digital holography for monitoring dynamic surface deformation

Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions

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