Experimental and numerical investigation of dual-fuel CI ammonia engine emissions and after-treatment with V2O5/SiO2–TiO2 SCR

Kuta, Kacper; Przybyła, Grzegorz; Kurzydym, Damian; Żmudka, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126523

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Excessive NH3 concentration increases combustion instability and lowers the in-cylinder temperature [91]. These findings align with results in the literature [92], where the addition of a NH3 solution reduces combustion pressure and HRR, increases engine diameter and ignition delay, reduces engine performance, and significantly decreases NOx emissions.…”

Section: Combustion and Emission Of Nh 3 /Diesel CI Enginessupporting

confidence: 90%

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Hu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Energies

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Due to high greenhouse gas emissions, countries worldwide are stepping up their emission reduction efforts, and the global demand for new, carbon-free fuels is growing. Ammonia (NH3) fuels are popular due to their high production volume, high energy efficiency, ease of storage and transportation, and increased application in power equipment. However, their physical characteristics (e.g., unstable combustion, slow flame speed, and difficult ignition) limit their use in power equipment. Based on the structural properties of the power equipment, NH3 fuel application and emissions characteristics were analyzed in detail. Combustion of NH3 fuels and reduction measures for NOx emissions (spark plug ignition, compression ignition, and gas turbines) were analyzed from various aspects of operating conditions (e.g., mixed fuel, fuel-to-exhaust ratio, and equivalence ratio), structure and strategy (e.g., number of spark plugs, compression ratio (CR), fuel injection, and ignition mode), and auxiliary combustion techniques (e.g., preheating, humidification, exhaust gas recirculation, and secondary air supply). The performance of various NH3 fuel cell (FC) types was analyzed, with a focus on the maximum power achievable for different electrolyte systems. Additionally, the application and NOx emissions of indirect NH3 FCs were evaluated under flame and catalytic combustion conditions. The system efficiency of providing heat sources by burning pure NH3, anode tail gas, and NH3 decomposition gas was also compared. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the key factors influencing the performance and emissions of NH3-powered equipment were identified. The challenges and limitations of NH3-powered equipment were summarized, and potential strategies for improving efficiency and reducing emissions were proposed. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development and application of NH3 FCs.

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Section: Combustion and Emission Of Nh 3 /Diesel CI Enginessupporting

confidence: 90%

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Hu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the engine’s exhaust gas. The results revealed a decrease in CO 2 , CO, HC, and NOx emissions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The results revealed a decrease in CO 2 , CO, HC, and NOx emissions. 19 A study found that when microalgae were used as a partial replacement for diesel fuel, the BTE was practically identical with that of a regular diesel fuel at full load. Furthermore, nitrous oxide emissions decreased substantially with fewer hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicriteria Decision-Making Technique for Choosing the Optimal Ammonia Energy Share in an Ammonia–Biodiesel-Fueled Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine

Ramachandran,

Krishnaiah,

Vellore Gangadharan

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Low-temperature combustion paired with the use of carbon-free ammonia and carbon-neutral biofuels is a novel approach for improving performance, reducing greenhouse gases, and reducing regulated emissions. Reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI), a low-temperature combustion technology, dramatically reduces NOx and smoke emissions compared to traditional engines. Ammonia can be projected as a good transit fuel in the journey toward achieving net zero emissions and cleaner energy. This study examines the impact of ammonia energy premixing fraction (AEPF) (20, 30, 40, and 50%) as a lowreactive fuel (LRF) and algal biodiesel as a high-reactive fuel on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, water-cooled 3.5 kW CI engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under various loading conditions. The research results indicate that the 40% ammonia share RCCI mode exhibited a reduction in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by 14.16%, nitrogen oxide (NOx) by 22.6%, and smoke by 42.1%, with an 11.5% improvement in thermal efficiency compared to the neat biodiesel-fueled conventional engine. Furthermore, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) will be used in conjunction with the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) of multiple criteria decision-making techniques to determine the optimal energy share in the RCCI combustion with the goal of achieving superior thermal efficiency and lower emissions. According to the AHP-TOPSIS study findings, AEPF40 is the best choice for all engine loads.

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“…Very recent studies on CI engines seem to focus on dual-fuel combustion strategies, namely NH 3 -diesel ,,,− or NH 3 -H 2 , , instead of pure NH 3 combustion. Benefits on greenhouse gas emissions can be reaped by displacing some of the diesel with NH 3 . , For example, a reduction of 24% of the greenhouse gas potential compared to pure diesel operation was found by Yousefi et al with, in addition, a 2% indicated thermal efficiency gain.…”

Section: Nh3 In Practical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like for SI engines, the need for an SCR post-treatment system was also noted in most studies. Kuta et al 116 highlighted that the increase of water vapor and NH 3 concentrations in the exhaust gases was a challenge to overcome for the current and future catalytic post-treatment systems.…”

Section: Nh 3 In Practical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Guiberti,

Pezzella,

Hayakawa

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Ammonia is a molecule that has been essential to human activities for centuries. It is widely used as a feedstock for fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and emissions after-treatment systems. The properties of ammonia have led to its interest as a carrier for hydrogen in energy applications. The combustion of ammonia for power and propulsion offers direct applications of this molecule in energy and transportation applications. However, there are significant challenges related to ammonia combustion, including low flammability and potentially high emissions. Blending of ammonia with hydrogen or hydrocarbons offers opportunities to improve combustibility. This mini review discusses challenges related to ammonia combustion and current state-of-the-art approaches to overcoming these challenges with research into chemical kinetics, laminar and turbulent flames, and engine and turbine systems. This paper seeks to introduce and summarize recent results on ammonia combustion by highlighting pertinent aspects of this rich and rapidly increasing body of information.

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Experimental and numerical investigation of dual-fuel CI ammonia engine emissions and after-treatment with V2O5/SiO2–TiO2 SCR

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Multicriteria Decision-Making Technique for Choosing the Optimal Ammonia Energy Share in an Ammonia–Biodiesel-Fueled Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

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