Experimental and numerical analysis of single-lap joints for the automotive industry

Grant, Ldr; Adams, Robert D.; Silva, Lucas F. M. da

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2008.09.001

Cited by 307 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The presence of stress concentrations in the adherends, close to the ends of the overlap regions increases the von Mises' stress beyond yield, and a plastic hinge begins to form in this region. This is in agreement with a finding of Grant et al [26], who subjected single-lap joints to four-point bending and observe "extensive adherend yielding in all cases".…”

Section: Coarse Solid Model Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A second 2009 investigation by Grant et al [26] with joints subjected to four-point bending concluded that the strength was "independent of the adhesive thickness", an "increase in adhesive thickness causes the joint overlap section to be stiffer" and that, for tension loading the strength increases with increased t a . These previous studies further highlight the complex interaction of the key Page 20 parameters in establishing the stiffness and strength of tension loaded bonded single lapjoints.…”

Section: Page 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A finite element modelling methodology for the non-linear stiffness evaluation of adhesively bonded single lap-joints: Part 1. Evaluation of key parameters

Pearson

Mottram

2012

Computers & Structures

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Reported in this paper is the development and verification of a finite element model with the fewest solid elements that can predict the non-linear stiffness characteristics of adhesively bonded single lap-joints in vehicle bodies. This work was driven by the need to significantly reduce computing hardware resources and run times for whole body analyses, and to achieve this goal the lap-joint needs to be modelled by a 'small' number of shell elements. It is wellknown that the deformation of bonded lap-joints is dependent on seven key parameters, and that it is impractical to have a comprehensive characterisation of these by physical testing alone. To gain further understanding of the influence of these parameters on joint stiffness, over a wider range of variables than could be practically achieved in the laboratory, the ANSYS finite element code is used to simulate the highly non-linear (geometric and material) response of bonded joints. The authors use the laboratory results for joint stiffness from nineteen batches of laboratory specimens to aid the development, and verification, of numerical derived stiffness curves from a solid element model. Initially, a very refined mesh is used. This model is developed to have a 'coarse' solid element mesh that minimises run times without the calculated joint stiffness deviating by more than 10% from the batch mean * Corresponding author: E-mail I.T.Pearson@warwick.ac.uk Page 2 of 10 measurements from laboratory testing. Numerical results from many simulations using the 'coarse' solid mesh model are used to show that, for the shell modelling methodology (reported in Part 2 on this work) to be successful, a representative model must account for the four key parameters of: adherend stress-strain relationship, adherend thickness, bond line thickness, and the over lap length. The ANSYS results also confirm that stiffness is directly proportional to joint width.

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Section: Coarse Solid Model Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Page 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

A finite element modelling methodology for the non-linear stiffness evaluation of adhesively bonded single lap-joints: Part 1. Evaluation of key parameters

Pearson

Mottram

2012

Computers & Structures

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“…Due difficult to determine the number and distribution of this defects, their hypothesis could not be validated. According to Grant et al 9 single-lap joints under tensile stress are very sensitive to the thickness of the adhesive layer. As the adhesive layer increases, there is an increase in momentum under the overlap region due to eccentricity of the forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carbon Nanotubes Effect into Single-lap Joint Failure Modes and Load Capacity: a Macromechanical Analysis

Monteiro

Ávila

2018

Mat. Res.

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This study investigates the influence of the adhesive (epoxy resin) thickness and the dispersions of non-functionalized carbon based nanostructures (carbon nanotubes -CNT) on mechanical properties of single-lap bonded joints. To achieve this goal, three CNT concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% m/m); and three different bondline thicknesses (0.05 mm, 0.15 mm and 0.40 mm) were evaluated. The mechanical properties were measured using the apparent shear tensile test, based on ASTM D5868. The results showed that the addition of 1.0 wt% CNTs improved the interface strength, leading to an increase on delaminated areas in failure region up to 55.36% and also improving the peak force up to 13.85%. Decrease in adhesive thickness from 0.40 mm to 0.05 mm promoted a stress redistribution inside adhesive layer improving the peak force up to 13.91%. CNT seems to promote changes in failure modes, light fiber tear (LFT) failure significantly increases up to 45.96%, indicating that interface strength between adhesive and adherent was improved.

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“…Given these considerations, polymeric matrix composites that are reinforced with carbon fibre are of great industrial interest. [1][2][3][4] However, in actual products, there are other components and parts that are made of steel or aluminium alloys that must be joined to the composite material. In such joints, the use of structural adhesives rather than traditional systems (such as welding or riveting, for instance) provides the end product with a lighter weight, more uniform tension distribution and improved tightness; eliminates galvanic corrosion; and generates a myriad of other benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode II fracture energy in the adhesive bonding of dissimilar substrates: carbon fibre composite to aluminium joints

Alía

Reina

Suárez

et al. 2013

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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The end-notched flexure (ENF) test calculates the value of mode II fracture energy in adhesive bonding between the substrates of same nature. Traditional methods of calculating fracture energy in the ENF test are not suitable in cases where the thickness of the adhesive is non-negligible compared with adherent thicknesses. To address this issue, a specific methodology for calculating mode II fracture energy has been proposed in this paper To illusfrate the applicability of the proposed method, the fracture energy was calculated by the ENF test for adhesive bonds between aluminium and a composite material, which considered two different types of adhesive (epoxy and polyurethane) and various surface freatments. The proposed calculation model provides higher values of fracture energy than those obtained from the simplified models that consider the adhesive thickness to be zero, supporting the conclusion that the calculation of mode II fracture energy for adhesives with non-negligible thickness relative to their adherents should be based on mathematical models, such as the method proposed in this paper, that incorporate the influence of this thick-

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Experimental and numerical analysis of single-lap joints for the automotive industry

Cited by 307 publications

References 25 publications

A finite element modelling methodology for the non-linear stiffness evaluation of adhesively bonded single lap-joints: Part 1. Evaluation of key parameters

A finite element modelling methodology for the non-linear stiffness evaluation of adhesively bonded single lap-joints: Part 1. Evaluation of key parameters

The Carbon Nanotubes Effect into Single-lap Joint Failure Modes and Load Capacity: a Macromechanical Analysis

Mode II fracture energy in the adhesive bonding of dissimilar substrates: carbon fibre composite to aluminium joints

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