Experimental and numerical analyses of the combustion process in a direct injection gasoline engine

Reissing, Jörg; Peters, Holger; Kech, Johannes; Spicher, Ulrich

doi:10.1243/1468087001545100

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There may also be contributions from CO 2 * in the spectrum and thus the temperature may be slightly overestimated. Stojkovic et al [22] measured the soot temperature with two-colour pyrometry in stratified operation and found it ranged between 2000 and 2400 K. Similar temperatures were also found by Reissing et al [21], who determined the temperature from the emission lines of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) atoms that were added to the fuel. They showed that the temperature increased with engine speed and load.…”

Section: Optical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The combustion consisted of both premixed flames under lean conditions and fuel-rich flames. Reissing et al [21] performed both experimental investigations and numerical analysis of GDI combustion. In their study, they used spectroscopic data to calculate the fuel-air equivalence ratio (u) near the spark plug as a function of CAD for stratified combustion.…”

Section: Engine Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a great number of visualization studies of internal combustion in engines, ranging from conventional SI and compression ignited combustion to more advanced combustion concepts. Several visualization studies on GDI have been preformed, using different engine geometries, injection systems and combustion modes aiming to investigate fuel distribution, flow velocities, and combustion characteristics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Two recent studies with a similar scope to this work are the studies by Stojkovic et al [22] and Velji et al [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-cylinder soot imaging and emissions of stratified combustion in a spark-ignited spray-guided direct-injection gasoline engine

Hemdal

Andersson

Dahlander

et al. 2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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The combustion in a spark-ignited spray-guided gasoline direct-injection engine operating in a stratified mode has been studied by in-cylinder imaging of the fuel, OH*, and soot distributions. Information on the fuel distribution was obtained by laser-induced fluorescence imaging of the aromatic molecules in the gasoline. The OH* and soot distributions were simultaneously visualized by detection of the natural emissions at 306 nm (OH*) and around 530 nm (soot) using two intensified charge-coupled device cameras. In addition to the in-cylinder observations, engine-out soot emissions, NOx, and HC were measured. The engine was operated at a speed of 2000 r/min and an indicated mean effective pressure of 2.5 bar, with a fully open throttle, resulting in a globally lean combustion with a fuel–air equivalence ratio of about 0.25. The gasoline was injected in single or double injections by an outward-opening piezo-actuated injector. The combustion was ignited efficiently at locally fuel-rich conditions. The soot formation and oxidation were investigated for the two injection strategies, each with three injection timings and two fixed ignition timings. The results showed that soot was efficiently formed and oxidized. From the in-cylinder measurements, it could be seen that the soot luminescence intensity quickly rose and then declined, while the combustion temperature was still increasing. Furthermore, the OH* intensity was still increasing as the soot luminescence was declining. The soot incandescence peak intensity occurred at a crank angle degree close to 50 per cent mass burned, and the OH* intensity peak arose later, shortly before the maximum soot temperature around top dead centre (TDC). When the injection timing was retarded, with constant ignition timing with respect to injection, it was found that the total soot luminosity increased. In addition, less OH* chemiluminescence was observed during the decrease of the soot incandescence, implying conditions less favourable for efficient soot oxidation in the later part of the combustion for retarded injections. This was confirmed by the engine-out soot emission measurements, which showed increased soot levels as the injection was retarded. It was also found that fuel impinged on the spark plug during the injections, resulting in a persistent jet flame close to the spark plug in the centre of the cylinder, which is believed to contribute to engine-out soot emissions.

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Section: Optical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Engine Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-cylinder soot imaging and emissions of stratified combustion in a spark-ignited spray-guided direct-injection gasoline engine

Hemdal

Andersson

Dahlander

et al. 2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Calculations at higher engine speeds showed that further development of the ignition and combustion model is necessary for the simulation of the combustion process at higher engine speeds. Further investigations showed that the use of the combustion model for the calculation of the partially premixed combustion in a Gasoline Direct Injection Spark-Ignition engine also seems to be very promising [17]. At the "Institut für Kolbenmaschinen" of the University of Karlsruhe this work is currently in progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(2-20) Numerical Analyses of the Combustion Process in a Spark-Ignition Engine((SI-6)S. I. Engine Combustion 6-Modeling)

Peters

Worret

Spicher

2001

COMODIA

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The development and optimization of internal combustion engines requires the application of advanced development tools. In addition to experimental methods, numerical calculations are needed in order to obtain an insight into the complex in-cylinder processes. In this context, the modeling of the combustion phenomena represents an important aspect. Therefore the objective of this paper is to present numerical methods to analyse the combustion process in premixed spark-ignition engines.The investigations were performed in a 6-cylinder 2.8 l SI-engine running at wide open throttle. The numerical calculations were performed using the finite volume CFD code STAR-CD. The mesh generation process, including the description of the piston and the valve motion, was automated using ICE. Combustion in the present study was treated with the one-equation Weller flamelet model. This model was implemented in Star-CD. The mass fractions of the combustion products were assumed to follow the local and instantaneous thermodynamic equilibrium values. The equilibrium composition of the cylinder charge was calculated according to Olikara/Borman. Eleven species were considered: O 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , H, O, N, H 2 , OH, CO and NO. Isooctane was used as fuel. For the calculation of the convective heat transfer during the combustion process a further submodel for the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient was used.In this work, different operating conditions were analysed. For all operating conditions the gas exchange process and the combustion process were calculated. Every calculation started 40° CA BTDC and finished when the combustion was completed. The boundary conditions were gained by experimental investigations.For the verification of the combustion model, calculated cylinder pressure data and mass fractions burned are compared to experimental results. The results of the combustion process are discussed for different engine speeds and equivalence ratios. This discussion reveals that the combustion model used shows encouraging results. The comparison of the calculated and measured in-cylinder pressure indicates good agreement for equivalence ratios between 0.87 and 1.25 and engine speeds up to 3000 r/min. The shape of the predicted flame appears to be reasonable.

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“…The computational methods presented above for the study of ICE-related flows benefited directly or indirectly from pioneer initiatives that created frameworks to enable the development of novel engine designs. The first big initiative was the development of the KIVA software, 23–25 which originally relied on a RANS/LPT approach. The first version of the code was an adaptation of a reactive fluid dynamics code capable of calculations only in two dimensions and with fixed boundary conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-eddy simulation of the flow in a direct injection spark ignition engine using an open-source framework

Ribeiro

Bimbato

Zanardi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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Direct injection spark ignition engines aim at reducing specific fuel consumption and achieving the strict emission standards in state of the art internal combustion engines. This can be achieved by research comprising experimental methods, which are normally expensive and limited, and computational fluid dynamics methods, which are often more affordable and less restricted than their experimental counterpart. In the latter approach, the costs are mainly related to the acquisition, usage, and maintenance of computational resources, and the license cost when commercial computational fluid dynamics codes are used. Therefore, in order to make the research of direct injection spark ignition engines and their internal processes more accessible, this article proposes a novel open-source and free framework based on the OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics library for the simulation of the internal flow in direct injection spark ignition engines using a large-eddy simulation closure for modeling the turbulence within the gas phase. Finally, this framework is tested by simulating the Darmstadt engine in motored operation, validating the results with experimental data compiled by the Darmstadt Engine Workshop.

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Experimental and numerical analyses of the combustion process in a direct injection gasoline engine

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

In-cylinder soot imaging and emissions of stratified combustion in a spark-ignited spray-guided direct-injection gasoline engine

In-cylinder soot imaging and emissions of stratified combustion in a spark-ignited spray-guided direct-injection gasoline engine

(2-20) Numerical Analyses of the Combustion Process in a Spark-Ignition Engine((SI-6)S. I. Engine Combustion 6-Modeling)

Large-eddy simulation of the flow in a direct injection spark ignition engine using an open-source framework

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